Chlorella‐Loaded Antibacterial Microneedles for Microacupuncture Oxygen Therapy of Diabetic Bacterial Infected Wounds

Abstract

Hypoxia and infection are urgent clinical problems in chronic diabetic wounds. Herein, living Chlorella‐loaded poly(ionic liquid)‐based microneedles (PILMN‐Chl) were constructed for microacupuncture oxygen and antibacterial therapy against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)‐infected chronic diabetic wounds. The PILMN‐Chl can stably and continuously produce oxygen for more than 30 h due to the photosynthesis of the loaded self‐supported Chlorella. By combining the barrier penetration capabilities of microneedles, the continuous and sufficient oxygen supply of Chlorella and the sterilization activities of PIL, the PILMN‐Chl can accelerate chronic diabetic wounds in vivo by topical targeted sterilization and hypoxia relief in deep parts of wounds. Thus, the self‐oxygen produced microneedles modality may provide a promising and facile therapeutic strategy for treating chronic, hypoxic, and infected diabetic wounds.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

Degradable Microneedle Patch with Photothermal-Promoted Bacteria-Infected Wound Healing and Microenvironment Remodeling

“…In addition, granulation tissue plays a critical role in the regenerative repair process of wounds accompanied by inflammation. 15 The immature tissue in the PBS groups was the largest, in line with results in Figure 3b. The epidermis and dermis of wound areas in the MN group were thinner than those of the PBS group.…”

“…H&E staining further revealed that the area of unhealed wounds in the PBS group was much larger than that of treated groups. In addition, granulation tissue plays a critical role in the regenerative repair process of wounds accompanied by inflammation . The immature tissue in the PBS groups was the largest, in line with results in Figure b.…”

“…14 The synergistic effect of vancomycin with the photothermal effect effectively inhibited the growth of bacteria. Fan et al 15 loaded chlorella in MNs, and the photosynthesis of chlorella was used to continuously produce oxygen at the wound site to promote the healing of bacteria-infected wounds. So far, the MNs have mainly acted as drug delivery vehicles, yet a proper wound management requires not only outstanding performance on bacterial infection, but also the capability of providing supports for the whole wound healing process.…”

Poly(ionic liquid)-Flocculated Chlorella Loading Bactericidal and Antioxidant Hydrogel as a Biological Hydrogen Therapy for Diabetic Wound Dressing

“…25 The hyperglycemic microenvironment of diabetic wounds increases the susceptibility of the wound to microbial infection and further results in impaired angiogenesis and dysfunction of macrophages, delaying wound healing. 26 Eliminating local wound infection not only is beneficial for wound healing but can also relieve pain and reduce the risk of further complications such as sepsis. 27 Wound dressings serve as a primary and effective means of shielding injuries from microbial infection.…”