Chlorhexidine resistance in<i>Proteus mirabilis</i>

Stickler, D.J.

doi:10.1136/jcp.27.4.284

Cited by 59 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…No chlorhexidine resistance was observed with these environmental bacteria, as has been described elsewhere for Proteus and Providencia species, S. marcescens, and P. aeruginosa (9,11,14). Our study confirms the findings of Pitt et al (12), who observed that most strains were inhibited at a chlorhexidine concentration of 32 ,ug/ml, as well as those of Gardner and Gray (6), who demonstrated that most gramnegative bacilli were inhibited at chlorhexidine concentrations lower than 50 pug/ml.…”

Section: Antimicrob Agents Chemothermentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibilities to antibiotics and antiseptics of new species of the family Enterobacteriaceae

Freney¹,

Husson²,

Gavini³

et al. 1988

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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One hundred and sixty-nine strains of new species of the family Enterobacteriaceae, isolated mainly from the environment, were tested to determine their susceptibilities to 13 antibiotics and 4 antiseptics or disinfectants. All the species were susceptible to aminoglycosides, doxycycline, and trimethoprim but were resistant to chloramphenicol. Susceptibility to ,-lactams varied more among the strains. However, all the strains were cefotaxime susceptible, apart from some Buttiauxella agrestis strains for which MICs were greater than 256 ,ug/ml. The antiseptic MBCs were similar to those published elsewhere for species of the Enterobacteriaceae of clinical origin. No resistance to chlorhexidine was observed. On the other hand, the environmental strains presented a greater resistance to active chlorine than did the reference strains.Members of the family Enterobacteriaceae are the most common cause of nosocomial infections (8). In 15 years, the number of enterobacterial species has grown from about 20 to more than 130. The exact clinical significance of these new species, which are often detected in a wet environment (e.g., water and soil), remains largely unknown. However, they are isolated with growing frequency during pathogenic processes, especially in immunosuppressed subjects (4).The present study was aimed at evaluating the susceptibilities to 13 antibiotics and 4 antiseptics or disinfectants of 169 strains of new species of Enterobacteriaceae which were isolated mainly from the environment. MATERIALS AND METHODSOrganisms. A total of 169 strains representing 22 newly described species of Enterobacteriaceae were tested. Of these, 17 strains were from sewage, 26 were from surface water, 38 were from soil, 58 were from drinking water, and 30 were of medical origin. The species were identified as previously described (2).Antibiotics. The 13 antibiotics tested were supplied in the form of powders. The antibiotics and their sources were as follows: ampicillin and amikacin (Bristol, Paris, France), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and ticarcillin (Beecham, Paris, France), cephalothin (Glaxo, Paris, France), cefoxitin (Merck Sharp & Dohme, Paris, France), cefotaxime (Roussel-Uclaf, Romainville, France), gentamicin (Unilabo, Dardilly, France), tobramycin (Lilly, Saint-Cloud, France), doxycycline (Pfizer, Orsay, France), trimethoprim (Roche, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France), chloramphenicol (Clin-Midy, Paris, France), and colistin (Roger Bellon, Neuilly-surSeine, France).The MICs were determined by the microdilution method (1). The various antibiotic dilutions were prepared according to a twofold geometric progression in the culture medium, which was Mueller-Hinton broth (pH 7.4) supplemented with 50 p.g of calcium per ml and 25 mg of magnesium per ml.Portions (100 RI) were placed in the wells of a microdilution plate. The bacterial inoculum obtained by a 10-2 dilution after incubation for 18 h at 35°C in brain heart broth was * Corresponding author. Antiseptics and disinfectants. We tested 5% aqueous chlorhexidine digluconate (I...

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Section: Antimicrob Agents Chemothermentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibilities to antibiotics and antiseptics of new species of the family Enterobacteriaceae

Freney¹,

Husson²,

Gavini³

et al. 1988

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…It was hoped that the addition of these agents would enable the concentration of chlorhexidine to be reduced so that it was less erosive and also overcome any resistance that has been previously reported by Stickler (1974).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple additives to increase the activity of chlorhexidine digluconate against urinary pathogens

Harper

1983

Spinal Cord

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Sutntnary. The concentration of chlorhexidine digluconate required to kill Gram-negative bacteria which cause urinary tract infection associated with urethral catheterisation also damages the bladder mucosa. Increased bactericidal activity was obtained by the addition of a chelating agent (EDT A) and a buffer (T ris) enabling a low concentration of chlorhexidine (0·01 per cent) to be effective against Escherichia coli NCTC 86, Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTC 76 50 Proteus mirabilis NCTC 830 9 and Streptococcus faecalis NCTC 82 13. The type of fluid in which the bacteria were suspended affected the time required to achieve 99·9 per cent killing. The 0·01 per cent chlorhexidine solution with added EDT A and Tris did not cause severe erosive damage to the bladder mucosa of rats. The potential of this solution for use as a skin antiseptic prior to catheterisation and as a bladder instillation after catheter is at ion is discussed.

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“…Firstly, ATCC and stock laboratory strains are always more susceptible to disinfection than fresh patient isolates (especially antibiotic-resistant strains). 8,9 Orthophthalaldehyde (OPA) gave a log 10 reduction factor (RF) of >5.5 with an ATCC strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an RF of 4.8 with freshly isolated antibiotic-susceptible strains and an RF of 3.8 with multiple-resistant strains. Thus, freshly isolated micro-organisms must be used in tests to evaluate disinfectants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the microbicidal efficacy on germ carriers of several tertiary amine compounds with ortho-phthalaldehyde and Perasafe

Herruzo-Cabrera

Vizcaino-Alcaide

Rodríguez

2006

Journal of Hospital Infection

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Chlorhexidine resistance inProteus mirabilis

Cited by 59 publications

References 14 publications

Susceptibilities to antibiotics and antiseptics of new species of the family Enterobacteriaceae

Susceptibilities to antibiotics and antiseptics of new species of the family Enterobacteriaceae

Simple additives to increase the activity of chlorhexidine digluconate against urinary pathogens

Comparison of the microbicidal efficacy on germ carriers of several tertiary amine compounds with ortho-phthalaldehyde and Perasafe

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