Chloride concentration in groundwater, recharge rate and rate of deposition of chloride in the Israel Coastal Plain

Eriksson, Erik; Khunakasem, Vachi

doi:10.1016/0022-1694(69)90055-9

Cited by 217 publications

(125 citation statements)

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“…Work by Eriksson and Khunakasem (1969) and Eriksson (1976) showed that Cl in groundwaters could be used to provide regional estimates of recharge provided there is no geological input, and if atmospheric deposition of Cl is known. The chloride mass balance (CMB) has been used to determine the spatial variability of recharge in Senegal (Edmunds and Gaye, 1994), extrapolating the unsaturated zone data using shallow wells.…”

Section: Recharge Investigations Using Hydrogeochemical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of groundwater recharge in weathered basement aquifers, southern Zimbabwe; a geochemical approach

Macdonald

Edmunds

2014

Applied Geochemistry

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Geochemical techniques have been used to estimate groundwater recharge and its spatial variability in basement terrain in a semi-arid area of southern Zimbabwe. Recharge rates estimated by chloride mass balance have been determined in the Romwe Catchment, a small (4.6 km 2 ) headwater catchment underlain by banded gneisses, with good hydrological and geological control. The results support the findings from piezometric monitoring that there are significant differences in hydrogeological properties of weathered basement derived from different primary lithologies. Annual recharge estimates for shallow weathered aquifers derived from melanocratic bedrock (dominated by pyroxene gneiss), 22 mm, and leucocratic felsic bedrock, 6.7 mm, are 3.7% and 1.1% respectively of the long-term mean annual rainfall. The significant uncertainties associated with the chloride mass balance recharge estimates are discussed. Groundwater derived from each lithology generally has a distinctive geochemistry (Na/Cl, K/Na, Mg/Ca, Na/Cl, B, Ba). The information from the Romwe catchment control area was then scaled up using information from remote sensing images (which defined areas of dark and light soils above the banded gneiss) to confirm the higher recharge rates in the melanocratic lithology in the unexplored Greater Romwe (225 km 2 ) area. It is concluded that properly calibrated, remote sensing images could be further regionalized to site groundwater sources in basement terrain, providing a relatively inexpensive development tool.

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Section: Recharge Investigations Using Hydrogeochemical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of groundwater recharge in weathered basement aquifers, southern Zimbabwe; a geochemical approach

Macdonald

Edmunds

2014

Applied Geochemistry

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“…Additional assumptions include: (1) no underflow or surface flow from other basins occurs; and (2) evapotranspiration ceases once the recharging water enters the saturated zone (Eriksson and Khunakasem, 1969;Claassen et al, 1986;and Dettinger, 1989).…”

Section: Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aquifer-response methods, which utilize measurable properties of the aquifer, also have been widely used in Nevada (Dettinger, 1989;Montazer and Wilson, 1984;Feeney et al, 1987). These methods include monitoring groundwater level changes and knowledge of specific yield of the aquifer to determine recharge (Johansson, 1987), inverse modeling to determine the recharge required to maintain observed groundwater levels (Montazer and Wilson, 1984;Allison, 1988), a Darcian approach to estimate recharge (Maurer and Berger, 1997), or the enrichment of conservative atmospheric tracers in the saturated zone (Eriksson and Khunakasem, 1969;Claassen et al, 1986;Feeney et al, 1987;Dettinger, 1989). The most widely used aquiferresponse method in Nevada is the chloride mass-balance approach (Dettinger, 1989;Maurer and Berger, 1997;Maurer et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introduction Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reconnaissance Estimates of Recharge Based on an Elevation-dependent Chloride Mass-balance Approach

Russell¹,

Minor²

2002

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Significant uncertainty is associated with efforts to quantity recharge in arid regions such as southern Nevada. However, accurate estimates of groundwater recharge are necessary to understanding the long-term sustainability of groundwater resources and predictions of groundwater flow rates and directions. Currently, the most widely accepted method for estimating recharge in southern Nevada is the Maxey and Eakin method. This method has been applied to most basins within Nevada and has been independently verified as a reconnaissancelevel estimate of recharge through several studies. Recharge estimates derived from the Maxey and Eakin and other recharge methodologies ultimately based upon measures or estimates of groundwater discharge (outflow methods) should be augmented by a tracer-based aquiferresponse method. The objective of this study was to improve an existing aquifer-response method that was based on the chloride mass-balance approach. Improvements were designed to incorporate spatial variability within recharge areas (rather than recharge as a lumped parameter), develop a more defendable lower limit of recharge, and differentiate local recharge from recharge emanating as interbasin flux.Seventeen springs, located in the Sheep Range, Spring Mountains, and on the Nevada Test Site were sampled during the course of this study and their discharge was measured. The chloride and bromide concentrations of the springs were determined. Discharge and chloride concentrations from these springs were compared to estimates provided by previously published reports. A literature search yielded previously published estimates of chloride flux to the land surface.36 Cl/Cl ratios and discharge rates of the three largest springs in the Amargosa Springs discharge area were compiled from various sources. This information was utilized to determine an effective chloride concentration for recharging precipitation and its associated uncertainty via Monte Carlo simulations. Previously developed isohyetal maps were utilized to determine the mean and standard deviation of precipitation within the area. A digital elevation model was obtained to provide elevation information. A geologic model was obtained to provide the spatial distribution of alluvial formations. Both were used to define the lower limit of recharge. In addition, 40 boreholes located in alluvial sediments were drilled and sampled in an attempt to support the argument that the areal distribution of alluvial sediments can be used to define a zone of negligible recharge. The data were compiled in a geographic information system and used in a Monte Carlo analysis to determine recharge occurring within the study area. Results of the analysis yielded estimates of the mean and standard deviation of recharge occurring within the study area (28.168 x10 6 m 3 yr -1 and 7.008 x10 6 m 3 yr -1 , and 26.838 x10 6 m 3 yr -1 and 6.928 x10 6 m 3 yr -1 ) for two sets of simulations using alternate definitions of the lower limit of recharge. A sensitivity analysis determined the r...

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“…Recharge estimation has been made using Water Balance Method (WBM), Chloride Mass Balance (CMB) [47], and Base Flow Separation (BFS) approaches together with integration of results therein. Such techniques are capable of producing quantitative information using commonly available data (i.e., precipitation, evapotranspiration, land use/land cover).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter-Basin Groundwater Transfer and Multiple Approach Recharge Estimation of the Upper Awash Aquifer System

Berehanu¹,

Azagegn²,

Ayenew³

et al. 2017

GEP

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Multiple approaches have been used to estimate groundwater recharge in the Upper Awash river basin. The amount of recharge reaching the Upper Awash aquifer system from the Blue Nile sub-basins is also estimated. Water Balance, Chloride Mass Balance and HYDRUS 1D infiltration model are used to estimate recharge. A total of 29 sites were selected for the HYDRUS 1D multiple "at point" recharge simulations. Base Flow Separation (BFS) methods, using both River Analysis Package software Version 3.0.3 and Excel-based Time Plot program are also used as a proxy for recharge. Besides, overlay analysis in Processing MODFLOW, ArcGIS, and SURFER environments has been done to thoroughly consider spatial heterogeneity between any two point estimates and appreciate the effect of lineament density, topography, slope and major urbanized land on pattern of spatial distribution of recharge. Because of differences inherent in the assumptions and datasets used, the various methods employed give wide range of differences in recharge estimates. Recharge estimated for the Upper Awash basin ranges from 51.5 mm/year to 157 mm/year and for the two southern left-bank sub-basins of the Middle Blue Nile basin (Mugher and Jema) ranges from 86 mm/year to 239 mm/year. Consequently, annual average volumetric recharge in the Upper Awash and annual groundwater flux from portion of the Blue Nile sub basins to the Upper Awash aquifer system are estimated to be 983 Mm 3 and 365 Mm 3 respectively. The significant flux joining the Upper Awash groundwater system from part of the Middle Blue Nile basin, which is almost 37% of the total annual recharge to the Upper Awash basin makes this part of the Middle Blue Nile basin an important recharge zone for the Upper Awash groundwater. Estimating recharge using integrated approaches was found to be useful to identify range of plausible recharge rates in the two basins. Besides, the new methodological approach of superimposing recharge governing factors on interpolation of point 77recharge estimates helps to produce physical based spatial distribution of recharge.

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Chloride concentration in groundwater, recharge rate and rate of deposition of chloride in the Israel Coastal Plain

Cited by 217 publications

References 1 publication

Estimation of groundwater recharge in weathered basement aquifers, southern Zimbabwe; a geochemical approach

Estimation of groundwater recharge in weathered basement aquifers, southern Zimbabwe; a geochemical approach

Reconnaissance Estimates of Recharge Based on an Elevation-dependent Chloride Mass-balance Approach

Inter-Basin Groundwater Transfer and Multiple Approach Recharge Estimation of the Upper Awash Aquifer System

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