Chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking of used nuclear fuel welded stainless steel canisters: A review

Xie, Yi; Zhang, Jinsuo

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.07.043

Cited by 62 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…Salts carried by the dust in the atmosphere may settle on the canisters and subsequently deliquesce as heat generated by radioactive decay declines over time. The deliquescence of salt deposit could induce various forms of corrosion attack, such as pitting and CISCC [4,5]. Pitting corrosion occurs in austenitic SS readily in the presence of chloride solution [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pitting behavior of friction stir repair-welded 304L stainless steel in 3.5% NaCl solution at room temperature: role of grain and defect structures

et al. 2020

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pitting corrosion occurs in austenitic SS readily in the presence of chloride solution [6]. The chloride-induced pits that are formed on austenitic SS can act as stress concentrators and further facilitate SCC [4]. Pitting in austenitic stainless steels and their weldments is influenced by various metallurgical factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pitting behavior of friction stir repair-welded 304L stainless steel in 3.5% NaCl solution at room temperature: role of grain and defect structures

et al. 2020

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“…The canister is roughly 2 m in diameter and 5 m long [ 5 ]. Chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in the heat affected zone (HAZ) of full penetration welds in the canister is a potential aging mechanism of the canister [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ], which should be inspected for in order to ensure the continued health and performance of the dry storage cask. However, the environment in the plenum between the canister and the overpack has both elevated temperature and gamma radiation that both gradually decrease over time in storage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducers for Robotic Nondestructive Inspection in Harsh Environments

Choi

Cho

Lindsey

et al. 2018

Sensors

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Elevated temperature, gamma radiation, and geometric constraints inside dry storage casks for spent nuclear fuel represent a harsh environment for nondestructive inspection of the cask and require that the inspection be conducted with a robotic system. Electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) using non-contact ultrasonic transduction based on the Lorentz force to excite/receive ultrasonic waves are suited for use in the robotic inspection. Periodic permanent magnet EMATs that actuate/receive shear horizontal guided waves are developed for application to robotic nondestructive inspection of stress corrosion cracks in the heat affected zone of welds in stainless steel dry storage canisters. The EMAT’s components are carefully selected in consideration of the inspection environment, and tested under elevated temperature and gamma radiation doses up to 177 °C and 5920 krad, respectively, to evaluate the performance of the EMATs under realistic environmental conditions. The effect of gamma radiation is minimal, but the EMAT’s performance is affected by temperatures above 121 °C due to the low Curie temperature of the magnets. Different magnets are needed to operate at 177 °C. The EMAT’s capability to detect notches is also evaluated from B-scan measurements on 304 stainless steel welded plate containing surface-breaking notches.

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“…The canister degradation mode of most significant concern is chloride induced stress corrosion cracking (CISCC) [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ], which is most likely to occur in the heat affected zone of full penetration welds in the canister. Based on the thermal residual stress state [ 10 , 11 , 12 ], the cracks are expected to grow transverse to the weld line, or possibility along it.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection of Shear Horizontal Wave Transducers for Robotic Nondestructive Inspection in Harsh Environments

Choi

Cho

Lissenden

2016

Sensors

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Harsh environments and confined spaces require that nondestructive inspections be conducted with robotic systems. Ultrasonic guided waves are well suited for robotic systems because they can provide efficient volumetric coverage when inspecting for various types of damage, including cracks and corrosion. Shear horizontal guided waves are especially well suited for robotic inspection because they are sensitive to cracks oriented perpendicular or parallel to the wave propagation direction and can be generated with electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) and magnetostrictive transducers (MSTs). Both types of transducers are investigated for crack detection in a stainless steel plate. The MSTs require the robot to apply a compressive normal force that creates frictional force coupling. However, the coupling is observed to be very dependent upon surface roughness and surface debris. The EMATs are coupled through the Lorentz force and are thus noncontact, although they depend on the lift off between transducer and substrate. After comparing advantages and disadvantages of each transducer for robotic inspection the EMATs are selected for application to canisters that store used nuclear fuel.

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Chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking of used nuclear fuel welded stainless steel canisters: A review

Cited by 62 publications

References 20 publications

Pitting behavior of friction stir repair-welded 304L stainless steel in 3.5% NaCl solution at room temperature: role of grain and defect structures

Pitting behavior of friction stir repair-welded 304L stainless steel in 3.5% NaCl solution at room temperature: role of grain and defect structures

Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducers for Robotic Nondestructive Inspection in Harsh Environments

Selection of Shear Horizontal Wave Transducers for Robotic Nondestructive Inspection in Harsh Environments

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