Chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents

Armstrong, Sarah R.; Green, Laura C.

doi:10.1016/j.coem.2004.03.005

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…However, a key question arises from these initial data: Do the measured PCE residues found in these fabric samples constitute a risk to human health? In this regard, it is important to note that PCE exposure has been linked to a number of health problems, including kidney and liver dysfunction [5,6], neurological disorders, including loss of motor function and visual ability [8,27] and several forms of cancer ( [11,28]; http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp.asp?id¼ 173&tid¼30; [29]; http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp18. html; [30]; http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/eleventh/profiles/ s066dich.pdf).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Perchloroethylene has a longer in vivo lifetime than other organic solvents and can be absorbed through inhalation, mouth, or skin contact, preferring to distribute to hydrophobic tissue, particularly adipose tissue [4,5]. Toxic effects observed in animal models include fatty liver degeneration, liver enlargement, abnormal kidney and liver function, necrosis, decreased levels of cellular adenosine triphosphate, lesions on the liver and kidneys, and cancer [5,6,8,9]. Although controversial, human PCE exposure may be linked to elevated risk of cancer, infertility, spontaneous abortion, and depression of the central nervous system [4,5,6,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantification of perchloroethylene residues in dry‐cleaned fabrics

Sherlach

Gorka

Dantzler

et al. 2011

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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We have used a novel gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS)-based approach to quantify perchloroethylene (PCE) residues in dry-cleaned fabrics. Residual PCE was extracted from fabric samples with methanol and concentration was calculated by the gas chromatographic peak area, standardized using PCE calibration data. Extracts examined were from samples of 100% wool, polyester, cotton, or silk, which were dry cleaned from one to six times in seven different Northern Virginia dry-cleaning establishments. Additional experiments were conducted to investigate the kinetics of PCE release in the extraction solvent and to the open air. We found that polyester, cotton, and wool retained ≥ µM levels of PCE, that these levels increased in successive dry-cleaning cycles, and that PCE is slowly volatilized from these fabrics under ambient room air conditions. We found that silk does not retain appreciable PCE. Measured differences across dry-cleaning establishments and fabric type suggest more vigorous monitoring of PCE residues may be warranted. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:2481-2487. © 2011 SETAC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of perchloroethylene residues in dry‐cleaned fabrics

Sherlach

Gorka

Dantzler

et al. 2011

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…Trichloroethylene (TCE; C 2 HCl 3 ) is a chlorinated hydrocarbon used predominantly as an industrial degreasing agent and solvent ( Armstrong and Green 2004 ; Waters et al 1977 ; Wu and Schaum 2000 ). Human exposures are widespread, and TCE is a major contaminant in agricultural and urban soils and in groundwater ( Wallace et al 1987 ; Wu and Schaum 2000 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichloroethylene Exposure during Cardiac Valvuloseptal Morphogenesis Alters Cushion Formation and Cardiac Hemodynamics in the Avian Embryo

Drake

Koprowski

Lough

et al. 2006

Environ Health Perspect

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It is controversial whether trichloroethylene (TCE) is a cardiac teratogen. We exposed chick embryos to 0, 0.4, 8, or 400 ppb TCE/egg during the period of cardiac valvuloseptal morphogenesis (2–3.3 days’ incubation). Embryo survival, valvuloseptal cellularity, and cardiac hemodynamics were evaluated at times thereafter. TCE at 8 and 400 ppb/egg reduced embryo survival to day 6.25 incubation by 40–50%. At day 4.25, increased proliferation and hypercellularity were observed within the atrioventricular and outflow tract primordia after 8 and 400 ppb TCE. Doppler ultrasound revealed that the dorsal aortic and atrioventricular blood flows were reduced by 23% and 30%, respectively, after exposure to 8 ppb TCE. Equimolar trichloroacetic acid (TCA) was more potent than TCE with respect to increasing mortality and causing valvuloseptal hypercellularity. These results independently confirm that TCE disrupts cardiac development of the chick embryo and identifies valvuloseptal development as a period of sensitivity. The hypercellular valvuloseptal profile is consistent with valvuloseptal heart defects associated with TCE exposure. This is the first report that TCA is a cardioteratogen for the chick and the first report that TCE exposure depresses cardiac function. Valvuloseptal hypercellularity may narrow the cardiac orifices, which reduces blood flow through the heart, thereby compromising cardiac output and contributing to increased mortality. The altered valvuloseptal formation and reduced hemodynamics seen here are consistent with such an outcome. Notably, these effects were observed at a TCE exposure (8 ppb) that is only slightly higher than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum containment level for drinking water (5 ppb).

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“…Combined with their nonflammability and low acute toxicity, halogenated solvents are widely used in several industries (424). Combined with their nonflammability and low acute toxicity, halogenated solvents are widely used in several industries (424).…”

Section: Halogenated Solventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Toxicology

2008

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Chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Quantification of perchloroethylene residues in dry‐cleaned fabrics

Quantification of perchloroethylene residues in dry‐cleaned fabrics

Trichloroethylene Exposure during Cardiac Valvuloseptal Morphogenesis Alters Cushion Formation and Cardiac Hemodynamics in the Avian Embryo

Cardiovascular Toxicology

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