Chlorinated Solvents in Groundwater of the United States

Moran, Michael; Zogorski, John S.; Squillace, Paul J.

doi:10.1021/es061553y

Cited by 400 publications

(234 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…( 13 C/ 12 C) sample = (d 13 C sample /1000 + 1) x ( 13 C/ 12 C) VPDB (1) where ( 13 C/ 12 C) VPDB is 0.011. This ratio is then converted to the molar concentration of 13 C ([ 13 C]) using formula (2):…”

Section: Incubation Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Evidence for Co-Metabolism of Trichloroethene Stimulated by Addition of Electron Donor to Groundwater

Conrad

Brodie

Radtke

et al. 2010

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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For more than 10 years, electron donor has been injected into the Snake River aquifer beneath the Test Area North site of the Idaho National Laboratory for the purpose of stimulating microbial reductive dechlorination of trichloroethene (TCE) in groundwater. This has resulted in significant TCE removal from the source area of the contaminant plume and elevated dissolved CH 4 in the groundwater extending 250 m from the injection well. The δ 13 C of the CH 4 increases from -56‰ in the source area to -13‰ with distance from the injection well, whereas the δ 13 C of dissolved inorganic carbon decreases from 8‰ to -13‰, indicating a shift from methanogenesis to methane oxidation. This change in microbial activity along the plume axis is confirmed by PhyloChip microarray analyses of 16S rRNA genes obtained from groundwater microbial communities, which indicate decreasing abundances of reductive dechlorinating microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides ethenogenes) and increasing CH 4 -oxidizing microorganisms capable of aerobic co-metabolism of TCE (e.g., Methylosinus trichosporium). Incubation experiments with 13 C-labeled TCE introduced into microcosms containing basalt and groundwater from the aquifer confirm that TCE co-metabolism is possible. The results of these studies indicate that electron donor amendment designed to stimulate reductive dechlorination of TCE may also stimulate cometabolism of TCE.

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Section: Incubation Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Evidence for Co-Metabolism of Trichloroethene Stimulated by Addition of Electron Donor to Groundwater

Conrad

Brodie

Radtke

et al. 2010

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…methyl tertiary-butyl ether, and plasticisers/resins bisphenols, adipates and phthalates (Garrett et al, 1986;Moran et al, 2005;Moran et al, 2006;Verliefde et al, 2007). Most of these industrial compounds are classed as priority pollutants or now have drinking water limits and as such are not emerging contaminants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of risk from potential emerging contaminants in UK groundwater

Stuart

Lapworth

Crane

et al. 2012

Science of The Total Environment

675

284

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This paper provides a review of the types of emerging organic groundwater contaminants (EGCs) which are beginning to be found in the UK. EGCs are compounds being found in groundwater that were previously not detectable or known to be significant and can come from agricultural, urban and rural point sources. EGCs include nanomaterials, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, industrial compounds, personal care products, fragrances, water treatment by-products, flame retardants and surfactants, as well as caffeine and nicotine. Many are relatively small polar molecules which may not be effectively removed by drinking water treatment. Data from the UK Environment Agency's groundwater screening programme for organic pollutants found within the 30 most frequently detected compounds a number of EGCs such as pesticide metabolites, caffeine and DEET. Specific determinands frequently detected include pesticides metabolites, pharmaceuticals including carbamazepine and triclosan, nicotine, food additives and alkyl phosphates. This paper discusses the routes by which these compounds enter groundwater, their toxicity and potential risks to drinking water and the environment. It identifies challenges that need to be met to minimise risk to drinking water and ecosystems.

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“…Chlorinated ethenes are common groundwater contaminants that pose human health risks (McCarty, 1997;Moran et al, 2007;US Dept. of H&HS, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metagenomic analysis of a stable trichloroethene-degrading microbial community

et al. 2012

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Dehalococcoides bacteria are the only organisms known to completely reduce chlorinated ethenes to the harmless product ethene. However, Dehalococcoides dechlorinate these chemicals more effectively and grow more robustly in mixed microbial communities than in isolation. In this study, the phylogenetic composition and gene content of a functionally stable trichloroethene-degrading microbial community was examined using metagenomic sequencing and analysis. For phylogenetic classification, contiguous sequences (contigs) longer than 2500 bp were grouped into classes according to tetranucleotide frequencies and assigned to taxa based on rRNA genes and other phylogenetic marker genes. Classes were identified for Clostridiaceae, Dehalococcoides, Desulfovibrio, Methanobacterium, Methanospirillum, as well as a Spirochete, a Synergistete, and an unknown Deltaproteobacterium. Dehalococcoides contigs were also identified based on sequence similarity to previously sequenced genomes, allowing the identification of 170 kb on contigs shorter than 2500 bp. Examination of metagenome sequences affiliated with Dehalococcoides revealed 406 genes not found in previously sequenced Dehalococcoides genomes, including 9 cobalamin biosynthesis genes related to corrin ring synthesis. This is the first time that a Dehalococcoides strain has been found to possess genes for synthesizing this cofactor critical to reductive dechlorination. Besides Dehalococcoides, several other members of this community appear to have genes for complete or near-complete cobalamin biosynthesis pathways. In all, 17 genes for putative reductive dehalogenases were identified, including 11 novel ones, all associated with Dehalococcoides. Genes for hydrogenase components (271 in total) were widespread, highlighting the importance of hydrogen metabolism in this community. PhyloChip analysis confirmed the stability of this microbial community.

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Chlorinated Solvents in Groundwater of the United States

Cited by 400 publications

References 19 publications

Field Evidence for Co-Metabolism of Trichloroethene Stimulated by Addition of Electron Donor to Groundwater

Field Evidence for Co-Metabolism of Trichloroethene Stimulated by Addition of Electron Donor to Groundwater

Review of risk from potential emerging contaminants in UK groundwater

Metagenomic analysis of a stable trichloroethene-degrading microbial community

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