Chlorination and bromination of fullerenes. Nucleophilic methoxylation of polychlorofullerenes and their aluminum trichloride catalyzed Friedel-Crafts reaction with aromatics to polyarylfullerenes

Chlorination of charged buckyballs: reactions of C60x+ cations (x = 1–3) with Cl2, CCl4, CDCl3, CH2Cl2, and CH3Cl

“…This is certainly true of the first two charge states and, according to Olah et al [13], is also the case with neutral C 60 . We suggest that these nonreactions are kinetically rather than thermodynamically controlled, viz.…”

“…The results are consistent with known trends in chloride affinity and ionization energy. Single or multiple chlorination with chlorine, of the type reported for neutral C 60 at elevated temperatures [13], does not proceed with the first three charge states of C 60 xϩ under SIFT conditions at room temperature. ⅐3ϩ with methyl chloride.…”

“…Olah et al [13] have reported that treatment of C 60 with chlorine in chloro-organic solvents at various temperatures did not result in any detectable reaction. However, C 60 could be chlorinated with up to 24 chlorine atoms on average at 250°C when exposed to a slow stream of chlorine gas for several hours.…”

Synthesis of C60‐bonded polystyrene initiated with C60Cln/Ni(naph)2/P(Ph)3

“…C 60 Cl n was synthesized according to Ref. 20 by our own lab. The value of n was decided by elementary analysis and weight method.…”

Isolation, characterization, and chemical reactions of fullerenes

“…Nucleophilic substitution in chlorinated c60 by rnethoxy groups has also been reported recently (ref. 15).…”