An advanced undergraduate organic
chemistry laboratory experiment
involving a rhodium-catalyzed intermolecular hydrocarbon C–H
oxidation reaction is described. In the initial phase of this lab,
students conduct a C–H amination reaction of ethylbenzene and
isolate a benzylic amine product. In the second part of the lab, competition
experiments are performed to compare the relative rates of C–H
insertion with electronically disparate para-substituted
ethylbenzene derivatives. Reaction progress is monitored by thin-layer
chromatography and the outcome quantitatively assessed using 1H NMR spectroscopy. Data from competition experiments form
the basis for a discussion of reaction mechanism including analysis
of putative transition structures and relative potential energy barriers
for C–H oxidation. Experiments have been designed such that
instructors can tailor the level of detail and discussion from introductory
to advanced.