Chlorination of zircon sand

Manieh, Atef A.; Spink, D.R.

doi:10.1179/cmq.1973.12.3.331

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Using particle size distribution in bed, thus obtained, the consumption rate of reactant gas per unit volume of the bed in either the bubble or the emulsion phase was calculated from Eqs. [10] and [11]. Then Eqs.…”

Section: Methods Of Numerical Solutionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The reaction mechanism, kinetics, and rate equation developed through experimental correlation by Manieh and Spink [11] was used in the model. By applying Eq.…”

Section: ½2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[8][9][10][11] Several mathematical models have been developed to simulate the fluid dynamics and reaction phenomena in the fluid bed. Few et al [12] introduced the bubble assemblage model to interpret the selective chlorination of oxidized Ilmenite ore in the batch-type fluidized bed.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Modeling of Carbochlorination of Zircon in Fluidized Bed Reactor

Jazini

Ghoreishi

Dadkhah

2009

Metall Mater Trans B

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The chlorination of zircon is an integral part of the overall process for the production of zirconium. A two-phase hydrodynamic-type model was used to simulate the fluidized bed zircon carbochlorination reactor. In the plug-plug (P-P) model, the flow of gas in both dense and bubble phases was considered as a plug flow compared with the plug-mixed (P-M) model in which the flow in dense phase was assumed to be mixed. The zircon conversion obtained by model was compared with experimental measurements for model validation. The results of the P-M model indicated a stronger correlation with experimental data. Using the validated model, the effects of the zircon inlet size distribution, reactor temperature, inlet gas concentration, chlorine conversion velocity, and converted zircon were investigated. The results demonstrated that higher reactor temperature, smaller zircon size, and higher inlet gas velocity and concentration enhanced the chlorination rate.

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Section: Methods Of Numerical Solutionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The reaction mechanism, kinetics, and rate equation developed through experimental correlation by Manieh and Spink [11] was used in the model. By applying Eq.…”

Section: ½2mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling of Carbochlorination of Zircon in Fluidized Bed Reactor

Jazini

Ghoreishi

Dadkhah

2009

Metall Mater Trans B

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“…The literature on chlorination of various metal oxides including TiOl (Dunn, 1960), (Bergholm, 1961), (Seryakov et al, 1967(Seryakov et al, , 1969(Seryakov et al, , 1970, (Masterova and Levin, 19731, (Morris and Jensen, 19761, Thoz (Ivashentsev et al, 19751, ALO, (Landsberg, 1975(Landsberg, , 1977, ZrSiO, (Manieh et al, 1973(Manieh et al, , 1974, (Sparling and Glastonbury, 1973) and ZrO, (Stephens and Gilbert, 1952), (O'Reilly et al, 1972), (Landsberg et al, 1972) with carbon as a reducing agent, has been limited to temperatures below 1400 K with the exception of Manieh et al, who recorded temperatures up to 1473 K in their fluidized bed. The results of different workers on the same oxide (e.g., in the case of TiOa and ZrOz) varied widely depending upon experimental conditions, the method of preparation of the samples, and the type of carbon reducing agent used.…”

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confidence: 99%

The chlorination kinetics of zirconium dioxide in the presence of carbon

Bicerolu

Gauvin²

1980

Can J Chem Eng

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The kinetics of the chlorination of compacted spherical pellets of zirconium dioxide and carbon were studied over a particle temperature range of 1400 to 1950 K. A plasma of pure chlorine generated by an induction torch provided both the high-enthalpy field and the reacting gas. The influence on the rate of conversion of temperature, chlorine concentration and carbon content were determined experimentally. Based on both experimental and theoretical studies, rate equations were developed.The rate of chlorination was influenced by the separation distance between Z r o , and carbon particles in the pellets, hence a shrinking-core model was not obeyed. Instead, a new reaction model was proposed. The experimental results provided adequate information for the selection of optimum conditions with respect to reactor type, temperature and carbon content for an industrial process.he high-temperature chlorination of purified, de-T halfniated ZrO, is an important step in the conventional process for the production of nuclear-grade zirconium metal. The ZrCL vapors produced by this reaction are then reduced by magnesium to yield a pure zirconium sponge

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Zirconium and Zirconium Compounds

2000

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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Zirconium is found in at least 37 mineral forms. Occurrence and mining of zirconium are discussed. Zirconium is a highly active metal and is resistant to corrosion by water, steam, mineral acids, alkalies, salts, etc. Zirconium is highly refractory and the ore is cracked with only strong reagents and high temperatures. Various processes to accomplish this, such as electric furnace, caustic fusion, chlorination, flurosilicate fusion, are discussed. Zirconium and hafnium always occur together in natural minerals; separations of these two metals are given Brief economic data, analytical methods and safety issues are included. There are many zirconium compounds in the form of hydrides, carbides, nitrides, oxides, halides, organometallics, chalcogenides, oxides, etc, and information is given on many of these compounds.

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Chlorination of zircon sand

Cited by 12 publications

References 2 publications

Modeling of Carbochlorination of Zircon in Fluidized Bed Reactor

Modeling of Carbochlorination of Zircon in Fluidized Bed Reactor

The chlorination kinetics of zirconium dioxide in the presence of carbon

Zirconium and Zirconium Compounds

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