Chlorine‐36 in the Snake River Plain Aquifer at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory: Origin and Implications

Beasley, T.M.; Cecil, L. DeWayne; Sharma, Pankaj; Kubik, Peter W.; Fehn, Udo; Mann, L.J.; Gove, H. E.

doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1993.tb01822.x

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…It is also produced in reactor operations as an activation product of chlorine-35 and also results from a small amount of natural atmospheric and subsurface production. Although chlorine-36 in the vadose zone and groundwater may be present due to atmospheric fallout and a small subsurface production rate, the bulk of chlorine-36 in groundwater at several DOE sites has been shown to result from reactor operations (Beasley et al 1992(Beasley et al , 1993.…”

Section: Chlorine-36mentioning

confidence: 99%

Kd Values for Agricultural and Surface Soils for Use in Hanford Site Farm, Residential, and River Shoreline Scenarios

Serne¹

2007

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SummaryThis report provides best estimate K d values and a minimum and maximum range of K d values to be used for agricultural soils and Columbia River bank sediments that exist today or would exist in the future when portions of the Hanford Site are released for farming, residential, and recreational use after the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) completes clean up of defense waste on the site. The K d values should be used to determine the fate and transport rates of contaminants and their availability for plant and animal uptake in selected non-groundwater scenarios included in Hanford Site environmental impact statements, risk assessments and specific facility performance assessments.This report describes scenarios such as a small farm where drilling of a well inadvertently goes through buried waste and brings waste to the surface, allowing the tailings to become available for direct human exposure or incorporation into garden crops and farm animals used for food by the farm family. The K d values recommended in this report can also be used to calculate sediment-water partitioning factors used to predict plant and animal uptake from interaction with the contaminated soil.The values recommended herein should not be used to predict exposure to contaminants in drinking water or from water used for irrigation. For the waterborne scenarios, K d values recommended in Last et al. (2004) and Krupka et al. (2004) should be used because they better predict the distribution and mobility of contaminants in water.Other non-groundwater scenarios include (1) recreational or native American use of the Columbia River bank that exposes humans to contaminants adsorbed to the river bank sediments, (2) contaminants transferred from sediments to plants or animals that reside along the Columbia River bank, and (3) any other scenario that requires estimation of soil-to-plant or soil-to-animal transfer parameters that are often calculated based on soil K d values.For these non-groundwater exposure scenarios, choosing a larger K d value from available values will be "conservative" in the sense that large K d values keep the contaminant available longer (retains more contaminants in the soils) such that exposure to humans or incorporation into animals and plants is maximized. Therefore, the K d values in this report are slightly biased to keep the contaminants near the ground surface for longer time periods. Upon exposure to water or by direct contact, the contaminated near-surface soils allow more opportunity for direct exposure and incorporation into plant matter and animals.The following contaminants of concern were the focus of the search: americium,

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Section: Chlorine-36mentioning

confidence: 99%

Kd Values for Agricultural and Surface Soils for Use in Hanford Site Farm, Residential, and River Shoreline Scenarios

Serne¹

2007

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“…Studies tracking contaminant plumes, ch]orofluorocarbon compounds and/or "bomb pulse" radionuclides have provided information regarding groundwater flow directions and velocities (Barraclough et al, 1982;Beasley et al, 1993;Busenberg et al, 1993), However, these relative] y recent anthropogenic tracers can be tracked for relatively short distances and do not reveal regional scale flow patterns. The natural groundwater chemistry reported in this study provides regional scale groundwater flow information and thus complements smaller scale studies using anthropogenic tracers.…”

Section: Hydrogeologic Setting and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of groundwater flow paths through combined inversion of strontium isotope ratios and hydraulic head data. Final report

Thomas M. Johnson

1999

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Project Objective: The objective of the project is to provide fundamental knowledge and diagnostic tools needed to design new technologies that will allow ultrahigh speed web transfer from press rolls and dryer cylinders.Fundamental Questions: From a timdamental standpoint, we expect that roll surface performance depends on the composition of contaminants that deposit on those surfaces during use, as well as the materials and finishing techniques used in manufacturing these surfaces. We need to understand, the contamination process, the influence of contamination on work of adhesion, the roles of surface topology, film splitting, and process conditions on web transfer. 1.What is the status of the technical scope of work? Answers should be tailored to the tasks in the Statement of Work that are being performed. Task 1 -The techniques and procedures described under sub-tasks 1 and 2 were developed during the last quarter of FY 1998-99. These techniques were refined during the quarter covered by this progress reportls' quarter 1999-00. During the past two quarters four mills, comprising three different grades (coated, liner, and medium) were visited. Personnel ffom IPST collected dryer surface topology data using an epoxy replicate technique, measure dryer surface contamination density, and collected contamination samples. The contamination samples were subjected to chemical analysis at IPST. One of the most interesting tindings from this work is that all dryer cylinders have some form of contamination. While the samples collected provide a suitable database, one or more mills maybe visited in the coming quarter to widen the scope of the data base. This task will be completed by the end of the second quarter of this FY. Task 2 -During the last quarter, the shakedown process for the CTS began. There were several problems uncovered. The induction heater used to heat the roll, a requirement for dryer can simulation, had previously been returned to the manufacturer for reconditioning. Upon testing, it did not operate properly and had to be sent back to the manufacturer. It has since been returned, installed on the CTS, tested, and shown to operate properly. The contamination system was tested. It was found that lower than expected flow rates were needed to keep the felt wetted with the contamination solution. The flow loop is being modified to incorporate a higher resolution flow meter. Contamination studies will begin by March 1.The topology of the coupons, that will be used in both the contamination studies and the web adhesion studies, were compared to those obtained from the dryer cylinders examined as part of Task 1. There was a reasonable correlation between the two sets of data. Thus, the test coupons should provide a representative surface for the contamination work. The results were interpreted quantitative y through construction of numerical models that capture the many details of this hydrologic system and simultaneously consider hydraulic head and isotope ratio data. The model ing results reinforce the qual...

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“…A Cl-36 plume extending from INTEC and RTC to the southern INL Site boundary is described in two studies (Beasley et al 1993;Cecil et al 2000). A comparison of tritium and Cl-36 data indicated that the Cl-36 plume extended beyond the area of the tritium plume defined by the 500-pCi/L concentration for tritium.…”

Section: Usgs Studies Of Contaminant Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A comparison of tritium and Cl-36 data indicated that the Cl-36 plume extended beyond the area of the tritium plume defined by the 500-pCi/L concentration for tritium. Cl-36 also was detected in a well at the RWMC (Beasley et al 1993). Based on the first detection of Cl-36 in USGS-011 and -014 (see Figure 4-1) as early as 1977, contaminant/groundwater flow velocities of approximately 3 ft/day were estimated (Cecil et al 2000).…”

Section: Usgs Studies Of Contaminant Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater Monitoring and Field Sampling Plan for Operable Unit 10-08

Roddy¹

2007

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Chlorine‐36 in the Snake River Plain Aquifer at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory: Origin and Implications

Cited by 25 publications

References 17 publications

Kd Values for Agricultural and Surface Soils for Use in Hanford Site Farm, Residential, and River Shoreline Scenarios

Kd Values for Agricultural and Surface Soils for Use in Hanford Site Farm, Residential, and River Shoreline Scenarios

Investigation of groundwater flow paths through combined inversion of strontium isotope ratios and hydraulic head data. Final report

Groundwater Monitoring and Field Sampling Plan for Operable Unit 10-08

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