Chloroacetanilide herbicide selectivity: analysis of glutathione and homoglutathione in tolerant, susceptible, and safened seedlings

Breaux, E. J.; Patanella, J E; Sanders, Ernest F.

doi:10.1021/jf00076a009

Cited by 64 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Having determined that a soybean GST showed a substrate‐dependent preference for hGSH, it was then of interest to determine whether this selective thiol usage was shown in the GSTs from plants of varying GSH/hGSH content. Species were selected which contained predominantly hGSH, soybean and French bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) [5], predominantly GSH, pea ( Pisum sativum L.) [5]and maize [19], and a mixture of GSH and hGSH, alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) [20]and red clover ( Trifolium pratense L.) [5]. The weed, barnyard grass ( Echinochloa crus‐galli L.), was also included as preliminary studies had shown that it could detoxify fomesafen.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substrate and thiol specificity of a stress‐inducible glutathione transferase from soybean

et al. 1997

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An RT-PCR-derived clone encoding a stress-inducible glutathione transferase (GSTGwil) from soybean has been overexpressed in E. coli. The enzyme was active as the dimer GSTG/nl-1 and showed GST and glutathione peroxidase activity toward diverse xenobiotics, including analogues of natural stressmetabolites. The selective herbicides, fomesafen and acifluorfen, were conjugated more actively with homoglutathione (hGSH), the major thiol in soybean, than with glutathione (GSH). No thiol preference was shown with the related herbicide, fluorodifen, while GSH was preferred with metolachlor and most nonherbicide substrates. Similar thiol-dependent specificities were observed in GST preparations from plants of varying GSH/ hGSH content.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substrate and thiol specificity of a stress‐inducible glutathione transferase from soybean

et al. 1997

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“…Glutathione conjugation plays a major role in plant resistance to herbicides (38,(72)(73)(74)(75)(76). Glutathione conjugation plays a major role in plant resistance to herbicides (38,(72)(73)(74)(75)(76).…”

Section: Glutathione Conjugation In Aquatic and Terrestrial Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glutathione Conjugation and Contaminant Transformation

Field

Thurman

1996

Environ. Sci. Technol.

104

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The recent identification of a novel sulfonated metabolite of alachlor in groundwater and metolachlor in soil is likely the result of glutathione conjugation. Glutathione conjugation is an important biochemical reaction that leads, in the case of alachlor, to the formation of a rather difficult to detect, water-soluble, and therefore highly mobile, sulfonated metabolite. Research from weed science, toxicology, and biochemistry is discussed to support the hypothesis that glutathione conjugation is a potentially important detoxification pathway carried out by aquatic and terrestrial plants and soil microorganisms. A brief review of the biochemical basis for glutathione conjugation is presented. We recommend that multidisciplinary research focus on the occurrence and expression of glutathione and its attendant enzymes in plants and microorganisms, relationships between electrophilic substrate structure and enzyme activity, and the potential exploitation of plants and microorganisms that are competent in glutathione conjugation for phytoremediation and bioremediation.

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“…The differential response in maize to the acetamide herbicides has been demonstrated amongst both inbred lines and cultivars to alachlor [2-chloro-2,6-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide] and metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] (Voges & Nel, 1974;Cottingham & Hatzios, 1992). Breaux et al (2002) rated maize as being highly tolerant to acetochlor, although they only worked with a single genotype. Bernards et al (2006), on the other hand, demonstrated differential tolerance to acetochlor in three inbred maize lines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of some South African maize (Zea maysL.) cultivars for acetochlor tolerance

Allemann

Mphundi

2010

South African Journal of Plant and Soil

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Acetochlor containing a safener is registered for pre-emergence use on maize to control mainly annual grasses. It is applied at rates of between 0.49 and 1.89 kg ai ha -1 on soils with a clay content from <10% to 55%. Some cases of acetochlor injury to maize have occurred in the field despite the correct application rates being used. A randomised complete block design trial was conducted in a glasshouse set at 28/18°C day/night to screen 21 maize cultivars for their tolerance to acetochlor (WENNER 700 S EC ® ). Maize was planted in pots containing a sandy loam soil (15% clay). Five acetochlor rates (0, 0.74, 1.47, 2.94 and 5.88 kg ai ha -1 ) were applied the next day and leached into the soil. Characteristic symptoms of acetochlor phytotoxicity occurred, particularly at higher application rates. Most cultivars showed significant decreases in both plant height and dry mass at the recommended application rate. Significant differences were noted between cultivars, with slight variations in results for seedling height and dry mass. Cultivars were grouped into tolerant, intermediate and sensitive classes based on their reaction to the herbicide. Most cultivars were rated as intermediate, although both tolerant and sensitive cultivars were found, so proving the existence of cultivar differences with respect to acetochlor tolerance.

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Chloroacetanilide herbicide selectivity: analysis of glutathione and homoglutathione in tolerant, susceptible, and safened seedlings

Cited by 64 publications

References 7 publications

Substrate and thiol specificity of a stress‐inducible glutathione transferase from soybean

Substrate and thiol specificity of a stress‐inducible glutathione transferase from soybean

Glutathione Conjugation and Contaminant Transformation

Screening of some South African maize (Zea maysL.) cultivars for acetochlor tolerance

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