Chloroacetates in snow, firn and glacier ice

Sydow, Lena von; Bordn, H.; Grimvall, A.

doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(99)00160-5

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The decarboxylation was conducted at a low temperature to avoid an overpressure in the vials. The thermal decarboxylation was stopped after 2, 4, 8, 24, 32, 48, 56, 72, 96 and 120 h by cooling the vials to 4 C. Based on the kinetic constants determined by Zhang and Minear, [19] the conversion of TCAA into CF is expected to be nearly complete after 120 h of reaction. The d…”

Section: Quantification Of Reaction Yield and Isotope Fractionation Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Position‐specific carbon isotope analysis of trichloroacetic acid by gas chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry

Breider

Hunkeler

2011

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) is an important environmental contaminant present in soils, water and plants. A method for determining the carbon isotope signature of the trichloromethyl position in TCAA using gas chromatography/ combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/IRMS) was developed and tested with TCAA from different origins. Position-specific isotope analysis (PSIA) can provide direct information on the kinetic isotope effect for isotope substitution at a specific position in the molecule and/or help to distinguish different sources of a compound. The method is based on the degradation of TCAA into chloroform (CF) and CO2 by thermal decarboxylation. Since thermal decarboxylation is associated with strong carbon isotope fractionation (« = 34.6 0.2%) the reaction conditions were optimized to ensure full conversion. The combined isotope ratio of CF and CO2 at the end of the reaction corresponded well to the isotope ratio of TCAA, confirming the reliability of the method. A method quantification limit (MQL) for TCAA of 18.6 mg/L was determined. Samples of TCAA produced by enzymatic and non-enzymatic chlorination of natural organic matter (NOM) and some industrially produced TCAA were used as exemplary sources. Significant different PSIA isotope ratios were observed between industrial TCAA and TCAA samples produced by chlorination of NOM. This highlights the potential of the method to study the origin and the fate of TCAA in the environment.

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Section: Quantification Of Reaction Yield and Isotope Fractionation Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3] TCAA has also been found in remote locations such as in 100-year-old glaciers and firn ice in Antarctica. [4] TCAA can originate from anthropogenic and natural sources. It is known to be a disinfection by-product formed during drinking water chlorination and it has also been detected in effluents from paper manufacturing.…”

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confidence: 99%

Position‐specific carbon isotope analysis of trichloroacetic acid by gas chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry

Breider

Hunkeler

2011

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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“…The pollutant has been found in rainwater (Reimann et al 1996;Ro¨mpp et al 2001), surface waters (Hashimoto et al 1998;Scott et al 2000Scott et al , 2002, drinking water (Pervova et al 2002) and in snow (von Sydow et al 1999). Typical concentrations of MCA in the aquatic systems have not exceeded lg/liter but in treated wastewaters levels of mg/l have been found (McRae et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradation of monochloroacetic acid used as a sole carbon and energy source by Xanthobacter autotrophicus GJ10 strain in batch and continuous culture

Torz

Beschkov

2005

Biodegradation

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Batch and continuous mode degradation of monochloroacetic acid used as a sole carbon and energy source in the concentration range of 0.9-48.4 mM by pure culture of Xanthobacter autotrophicus GJ10 was investigated. The substrate was completely degraded in each flask in batch system. Partial substrate inhibition occurred at the concentrations exceeding 25.4 mM. Temporary accumulation of glycolic acid in the medium indicated that dehalogenation was undergoing faster than further utilization of glycolate. Three different carbon substrates were used for inoculum preparation--1,2-dichloroethane, tri-sodium citrate and a nutrient broth. The fastest growth on monochloroacetate occurred for 1,2-dichloroethane-grown inoculum. The assays of haloacid dehalogenase in crude extract indicated that the bacteria grown on 1,2-dichloroethane possessed higher level of the enzyme. The response of the GJ10 culture towards spikes of 20 mM monochloroacetate was tested in 2.5-1 continuously stirred tank fermentor. The substrate was readily utilized within 7-8 h. Continuous degradation of monochloroacetate in the fermentor was demonstrated for monochloroacetate concentration of 20 mM and dilution rate 0.016 h(-1). Quantitative agreement between the amount of monochloroacetate introduced and chloride released was found. The results demonstrated that the strain X. autotrophicus GJ10 might be suitable for biodegradation of monochloroacetate contaminated media.

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“…Monochloroacetic acid (MCAA) is detected at widespread area in our environment from synthetic and natural sources [2][3][4][5]. Because of its low acute toxicity, high solubility in water and low volatility, MCAA could give toxic effect to plant, algae and animal [6,7] and resist to biodegradation [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change of monochloroacetic acid to biodegradable organic acids by hydrothermal reaction

Kim

Fujita

Daimon

et al. 2004

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Chloroacetates in snow, firn and glacier ice

Cited by 21 publications

References 24 publications

Position‐specific carbon isotope analysis of trichloroacetic acid by gas chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry

Position‐specific carbon isotope analysis of trichloroacetic acid by gas chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry

Biodegradation of monochloroacetic acid used as a sole carbon and energy source by Xanthobacter autotrophicus GJ10 strain in batch and continuous culture

Change of monochloroacetic acid to biodegradable organic acids by hydrothermal reaction

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