Chlorocresol sensitivity

Burry, John N.; Kirk, John H.; Reid, John G.; Turner, Töm

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1975.tb05309.x

Cited by 32 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This allergen, in addition to being a constituent of many cosmetic products, cross reacts with chloroxylenol, an active ingredient of “Dettol,” the use of which has increased dramatically in recent years. [ 19 ] An interesting fact that we observed in our patients was that there was a tendency to switch over to “Dettol soap” or at least add “Dettol” solution to bath water as the first measure to tackle any dermatitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Contact allergens causing hand eczema in ethnic Kashmiri population: A study of 7-years

Majid

2016

Indian J Dermatol

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Background:Hand eczema is one of the commonest eczemas encountered in dermatology practice. Contact allergens responsible for causing hand eczema vary from one geographical area of the world to another. Aim: The study tries to identify the commonest allergens causing hand eczema in ethnic Kashmiri population.Material and Methods:A total of 800 patients were patch tested at a sole patch testing facility for the local population over a 7-year period out of which 278 were diagnosed with hand eczema. The morphological type of hand eczema was noted and the patch testing results were analyzed. Past or present relevance of the patch-test result to the clinical diagnosis was also analyzed.Results:Hand eczema was the most common type of eczema patch tested over the 7-year period, constituting 34.75% of the patch-tested population. A positive patch-test result was obtained in 135 patients (48.5%) out of which it was found to be clinically relevant in about 65% cases. Nickel and potassium dichromate were found to be the two commonest allergens causing hand eczema in our population with positive patch test reactions in 45 and 27 patients respectively. Females showed a much higher incidence of hand eczema as well as higher patch test positivity than males (54.1% vs. 38.1%).Conclusions:Hand eczema with a positive patch-test report was found to be much more common in females than males and nickel and potassium dichromate were seen to be the commonest allergens causing hand eczema in ethnic Kashmiri population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Contact allergens causing hand eczema in ethnic Kashmiri population: A study of 7-years

Majid

2016

Indian J Dermatol

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“…It has a low sensitizing potential and is an infrequent sensitizer. 10 Black rubber mix is a mixture of three compound N-isopropyl-N-phenyl paraphenylenediamine, N-Cyclohexyl-NPhenyl paraphenylenediamine and N-N-Diphenyl paraphenyl lenediamine. It is found in natural rubber, styrene-butadiene and chloroprene rubber.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Patch Test in Contact Dermatitis: A Cross-Sectional Study: Jaipur

Yadav¹,

Mathur²,

Nijhawan³

et al. 2014

jemds

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ABSTRACT:Contact dermatitis is an inflammatory response of the skin to an exogenous substance (irritant and/or allergen). It can be classified as follows: Irritant contact dermatitis, Allergic contact dermatitis, Photo contact, phototoxic dermatitis, Immediate contact reactions, Non-eczematous reactions Only the superficial regions of the skin are affected in contact dermatitis. Inflammation of the affected tissue is present in the epidermis and the outer dermis. 1 Unlike contact urticaria, in which a rash appears within minutes of exposure and fades away within minutes to hours, contact dermatitis takes days to appear. In our study we have shown the list of most common allergens found positive in our patients. STUDY DESIGN: It was a cross sectional study. METHOD: Study was conducted in mahatma Gandhi hospital Jaipur over a period of 4 months of duration. Patients suspected to have contact dermatitis were subjected to patch testing. Based on the history clinical signs and symptoms. Total 42 patients were short listed in 4 months of duration. RESULT: Our study showed that the most common allergen showing patch test positivity in both males and females were nickel sulphate, cophony, and cobalt sulphate. Patients showed significant improvement in their dermatitis after avoidance of the offending agent. CONCLUSION: Patch test is the method of choice and the "gold standard" in the detection of contact allergy and allergic contact dermatitis.

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“…(Positive reaction to chloroxylenol was slight.) Burry et al 1975 PCMC as a preservative in betamethasone cream 43-year-old female…”

Section: Occupational Exposure and Limitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Sodium p -Chloro- m -Cresol, p -Chloro- m -Cresol, Chlorothymol, Mixed Cresols, m -Cresol, o -Cresol, p -Cresol, Isopropyl Cresols, Thymol, o -Cymen-5-ol, and Carvacrol1

2006

Int J Toxicol

104

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Sodium p-Chloro-m-Cresol, p-Chloro-m-Cresol (PCMC), Mixed Cresols, m-Cresol, o-Cresol, p-Cresol, Isopropyl Cresols, Thymol, Chlorothymol, o-Cymen-5-ol, and Carvacrol are substituted phenols used as cosmetic biocides/preservatives and/or fragrance ingredients. Only PCMC, Thymol, and o-Cymen-5-ol are reported to be in current use, with the highest concentration of use at 0.5% for o-Cymen-5-ol in perfumes. The use of PCMC in cosmetics is restricted in Europe and Japan. Cresols can be absorbed through skin, the respiratory tract, and the digestive tract; metabolized by the liver; and excreted by the kidney as glucuronide and sulfate metabolites. Several of these cresols increase the dermal penetration of other agents, including azidothymidine. In acute oral toxicity studies, LD50 values were in the 200 to 5000 mg/kg day-1 range across several species. In short-term studies in rats and mice, an o-Cresol, m-Cresol, p-Cresol or m-Cresol/p-Cresol mixture at 30,000 ppm in the diet produced increases in liver and kidney weights, deficits in liver function, bone marrow hypocellularity, irritation to the gastrointestinal tract and nasal epithelia, and atrophy of female reproductive organs. The no observed effect levels (NOEL) of o-Cresol was 240 mg/kg in mink and 778 mg/kg in ferrets in short-term feeding studies, with no significant dose-related toxicity (excluding body weight parameters). In mice, 0.5% p-Cresol, but neither m-Cresol nor o-Cresol, caused loss of pigmentation. Short-term and subchronic oral toxicity tests performed with various cresols using mice, rats, hamsters, and rabbits resulted in no observed adverse effect levels (NOAELs) for mice of 625 ppm and rats of 50 mg/kg day-1, although the NOEL was 2000 ppm in a chronic study using rats. In rabbits, < or =160 mg/kg PCMC was found to produce irritation and erythema, but no systemic effects. Hamsters dosed with 1.5% p-Cresol in diet for 20 weeks had a greater incidence of mild and moderate forestomach hyperplasia as compared to the control. Acute inhalation toxicity studies using rats yielded LC50 values ranging from >20 mg/m(3) for o-Cresol to >583 mg/m(3) for PCMC. No deaths were recorded in mice given o-Cresol at 50 mg/m(3). Cats exposed (short-term) to 9 to 50 mg/m(3) of o-Cresol developed inflammation and irritation of the upper respiratory tract, pulmonary edema, and hemorrhage and perivascular sclerosis in the lungs. Rats exposed (subchronic) to o-Cresol at 9 mg/m(3) had changes in leukocytes, spinal cord smears, nervous activity, liver function, blood effects, clinical signs, and neurological effects. In guinea pigs, exposure to 9 mg/m(3) produced changes in hemoglobin concentrations and electrocardiograms (EKGs). Rats exposed (subchronic) to 0.05 mg/m(3) Mixed Cresols by inhalation exhibited central nervous system (CNS) excitation, denaturation of lung protein, and decreased weight gain. All cresols appear to be ocular irritants. Numerous sensitization studies have been reported and most positive reactions were seen with higher concentrations of Cresol...

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Chlorocresol sensitivity

Cited by 32 publications

References 3 publications

Contact allergens causing hand eczema in ethnic Kashmiri population: A study of 7-years

Contact allergens causing hand eczema in ethnic Kashmiri population: A study of 7-years

Role of Patch Test in Contact Dermatitis: A Cross-Sectional Study: Jaipur

Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Sodium p -Chloro- m -Cresol, p -Chloro- m -Cresol, Chlorothymol, Mixed Cresols, m -Cresol, o -Cresol, p -Cresol, Isopropyl Cresols, Thymol, o -Cymen-5-ol, and Carvacrol1

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