Chlorogenic acid improves food allergy through the AMPK/ACC/CPT‐1 pathway

Abstract

Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a polyphenol prevalent in daily food and plants. Food allergy (FA) can lead to metabolic disorders of the immune system. The objective of this study was to investigate CGA therapeutic effect on FA and regulatory mechanism through shrimp food allergy in mice models. Here, 24 female BALB/C mice were randomly allocated into the (I) Control group, (II) Food allergy group, (III) Chlorogenic acid low (50 mg/kg), and (IV) high group (200 mg/kg). Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay revealed that CGA decreased levels of IgE and IgG induced by food allergy significantly. Real‐time PCR demonstrated that high‐dose chlorogenic acid significantly reduced Acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC) mRNA expression and increased Carnitine palmitoyltransferase‐1 (CPT‐1) mRNA expression. Western blot indicated that CGA promoted a noticeable increase at the levels of AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) and ACC phosphorylation, resulting in a significant activation in AMPK and inhibition in ACC, and increased CPT‐1 expression. Consequently, CGA improves FA by the regulation of the AMPK/ACC/CPT‐1 signaling pathway in the spleen. Practical applications Chlorogenic acid is a water‐soluble polyphenolic substance that is widely distributed in natural plants that show a variety of pharmacological effects. At present, CGA has been developed as a weigh‐reducing tonic in western countries. As one of the most widely found and most easily obtained phenolic acids from food, the diverse physiological effects of CGA (such as anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, metabolic regulation, intestinal microbial regulation, etc.) imply its potential for application in functional foods, food additives, and clinical medicine. However, the basic molecular mechanisms of its effects have not been elucidated. In this study, CGA reduced allergy in a mouse model, likely by interacting with the AMPK/ACC/CPT‐1 pathway.

Effects of Chlorogenic Acid on Lowering IgE-Binding Capacity of Soybean 7S: Comparison between Covalent and Noncovalent Interaction

“…9 Chlorogenic acid (CHA) is the dominant phenolic acid in the soybean and it is reported that CHA could relieve the FA symptom. 10,11 Its effectiveness to reducing allergenicity of food allergen has been verified in complexes by covalent interaction, such as interaction with whey protein and peanut protein as reported previously. 12,13 Meanwhile, caffeic acid (CHA precursor) is also found to reduce whey protein allergenicity by noncovalent interaction.…”

“…Polyphenol-protein interaction therefore can be a new means of reducing protein allergenicity and improving food processing properties . Chlorogenic acid (CHA) is the dominant phenolic acid in the soybean and it is reported that CHA could relieve the FA symptom. , Its effectiveness to reducing allergenicity of food allergen has been verified in complexes by covalent interaction, such as interaction with whey protein and peanut protein as reported previously. , Meanwhile, caffeic acid (CHA precursor) is also found to reduce whey protein allergenicity by noncovalent interaction . In contrast, covalent milk protein (α-casein and β-lactoglobulin)–C3G (cyanidin-3- O -glucoside) complexes instead of noncovalent complexes showed lower IgE-binding capacity .…”

AMPK Alchemy: Therapeutic Potentials in Allergy, Aging, and Cancer

“…Genetic deletion of AMPK exacerbates tumor progression, with more PD-1 high CD4 + T cells in tumor tissues than in wild-type tissues in mice ( Pandit et al ., 2023 ). Notably, enforcing AMPK activity in combination with PD-1 blockade has shown potent efficacy against ovarian cancer ( Yung et al ., 2022 ) and melanoma ( Pokhrel et al ., 2021 ), indicating that AMPK eradicates tumor development in a T cell-dependent manner.…”

Chlorogenic Acid: A Systematic Review on the Biological Functions, Mechanistic Actions, and Therapeutic Potentials

“…CGA reduces the allergic response induced by shrimp food in mice, likely by suppressing Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and increasing carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1) and AMPK and ACC phosphorylation [330].…”

“…Sowbane mosaic virus, potato virus X, and alfalfa mosaic virus [326]; RSV, HSV-2, ADV-3, ADV-11 [327]; H5N1 [328]; HSV-1 in MDBK cells and in Vero cells [329] n.a. CGA Anti-bacterial effects (Section 9.2) Shrimp food-fed mice [330] Increase in CPT-1 and AMPK and ACC phosphorylation [330] CGA Skin Dermal protection (Section 8.1)…”