Chlorohydrocarbons, PCB congeners, polychlorodioxins, furans and dibenzothiophenes in pine needles in the vicinity of a metal reclamation plant

Sinkkonen, Seija; Rantio, Tiina; Vattulainen, A.; Aittola, Jussi-Pekka; Paasiv́irta, Jaakko; Lahtiperä, Mirja

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(95)00096-q

Cited by 20 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Both are very similar to the one of the half-year-old needles (Figure 3). This result is surprising: According to several studies, both laboratory and field, for less volatile SOCs a period of several years seems to be necessary until a concentration equilibrium between leaves and surrounding atmosphere is reached, but for the more volatile SOCs 0.5 year can be sufficient (8,10,(50)(51)(52). Hence, the regression line for N3 would be expected to lie above that of N2, which again should lie above that of N1 at higher KOA (please note: CO remains constant for all three quotients).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetation/Soil Distribution of Semivolatile Organic Compounds in Relation to Their Physicochemical Properties

Weiß

2000

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The concentrations (C) of several semivolatile organic compounds (SOCs) in Norway spruce needles (N) and in the local humus horizon (O) of 25 remote Austrian forest sites were used to calculate an ecosystem-oriented partition coefficient needles/humus horizon (C N /C O ). Between 66 and 78% of the compounds' variation of this quotient could be explained by each of the following physicochemical parameters: vapor pressure (p S ) and the partition coefficients n-octanol/water (K OW ), n-octanol/air (K OA ), and adsorbed/ dissolved in soil (K OC ) of the compounds. This result further underlines the usefulness of these parameters for predicting the behavior of SOCs in terrestrial ecosystems. Compounds with low p S and high K OW , K OA , and K OC show a very low C N /C O quotient, which implies a higher accumulation of these compounds in the O horizon than in the needles. The role of forest soils as sink for these SOCs is demonstrated. Alternatively, C N /C O > 1, due to higher concentrations in the needles than in the O horizon, have been shown for SOCs with comparably high p S and low K OW , K OA , and K OC . In this respect, the possible role of revolatilization of the more volatile SOCs from soils to needles is discussed. In the mineral soil layers below the O horizon, SOCs with lower K OC and better water solubility tend to be less accumulated. However, if all investigated compounds are taken into consideration, accumulation in the mineral soil layers showed no general trend in relation to the selected physicochemical parameters.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetation/Soil Distribution of Semivolatile Organic Compounds in Relation to Their Physicochemical Properties

Weiß

2000

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…This is in turn influenced by the ability of the chemical to penetrate from the leaf surface into deeper leaf tissue where it is less subject to erosion and photochemical degradation. It has been shown that penetration into the leaf occurs for more volatile compounds that are taken up by leaves via dry gaseous deposition (Ko$ niger et al, 1991 ;Riederer, 1995 ;Sinkkonen et al, 1995). The evidence indicates that the degree of penetration into the leaf increases with diminishing partition coefficient or increasing vapour pressure of the chemical (Reischl et al, 1987 ;Schreiber et al, 1996).…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

Retention and mobility of atmospheric particle‐associated organic pollutant PCDD/Fs and PAHs in maize leaves

2000

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The fate of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons deposited to maize leaves under ambient conditions was investigated, with focus on those compounds that are primarily associated with particles in the atmosphere. Leaf samples collected from mature maize plants over an 8-wk period were subjected to four extraction procedures : (1) rinsing with distilled water ; (2) shaking in aqueous EDTA solution ; (3) immersion in chloroform\methanol ; (4) soxhlet extraction with toluene. Of the compounds deposited primarily in association with particles, 20% of the total leaf contamination was present in the first two aqueous extracts, indicating that only a small portion of these substances was subject to ready erosion from the leaf surfaces. Some 50-60% of the chemical was present in the third extract, while 20-40% was found in the final extract. The chemical in the final extract was no longer associated with particles, since these had been removed with the first three extractions. This chemical must have desorbed from the particles with which it was originally deposited, and migrated through the epicuticular waxes. Model calculations indicated that 15-35% of the chemical in the third extract had also desorbed from the particles, and there was evidence that polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans desorb more readily than polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. It is concluded that desorption of chemical from particles and subsequent transport through the cuticle is an important process determining plant accumulation of organic contaminants associated with atmospheric particles.Key words : polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD\F), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), leaf, atmospheric particles, deposition, retention. A large part of human exposure to lipophilic organic compounds such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD\Fs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) occurs via the agricultural food chain. Under most conditions atmospheric deposition is the main pathway of these compounds to agricultural plants, and thereby into the agricultural food chain (McLachlan, 1996). The atmospheric input of the compounds into the plants can proceed through different mechanisms : dry gaseous deposition, dry particle-bound deposition, and wet deposition. The recent literature reveals that each of these three deposition pathways can contribute to the total plant burden, the relative

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“…Reinecke and Nash (1984) reported that two species of earthworms (Allolobophophora caliginosa and Lumbricus rubellus) showed no adverse effects when exposed for 85 days in soil with 5 ppm of 2,3,7,8-TCDD, but both species died at 10 ppm. Studies involving plants and PCBs have been made, since these organisms are less sensitive to PCBs and thus may be a possible route of biomagnification in various food chains (Sinkkonen et al, 1995).…”

Section: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (Phas)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioindicators and Biomarkers in the Assessment of Soil Toxicity

Fontanetti¹,

Nogarol²,

Souza³

et al. 2011

Soil Contamination

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Chlorohydrocarbons, PCB congeners, polychlorodioxins, furans and dibenzothiophenes in pine needles in the vicinity of a metal reclamation plant

Cited by 20 publications

References 21 publications

Vegetation/Soil Distribution of Semivolatile Organic Compounds in Relation to Their Physicochemical Properties

Vegetation/Soil Distribution of Semivolatile Organic Compounds in Relation to Their Physicochemical Properties

Retention and mobility of atmospheric particle‐associated organic pollutant PCDD/Fs and PAHs in maize leaves

Bioindicators and Biomarkers in the Assessment of Soil Toxicity

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