Chlorophyll fluorescence photography to detect mutants, chilling injury and heat stress

Gibbons, Gregory C.; Smillie, Robert M.

doi:10.1007/bf02906179

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…High temperatures preferentially inactivate on the photooxidizing side of photosystem II and reduce the Fv emission. Preferential inactivation on the photooxidizing side of photosystem II also occurs in plants grown at low light irradiances and then irradiated with intense visible light and in plants from the lowland tropics after exposure to a temperature of 0 ~ Consequently, changes in rate of the rise in Fv in vivo can be used to assay for photoinhibition (8) and chilling injury (9,25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat tolerance and heat hardening in crop plants measured by chlorophyll fluorescence

Smillie

Gibbons

1981

Carlsberg Res. Commun.

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Variable chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv), indicative of the capacity for electron flow through photosystem I1, decreased as leaves became heat injured. In leaves heated at a rate of I ~ per minute, Fv became undetectable above 43.3 ~ in barley, 44.2 ~ in pea, 45.2 ~ in bean, 45.3 ~ in tomato, 49.5 ~ in maize and 51.0 ~ in papaya. In heat hardened barley this temperature was increased by 6 to 9 ~ compared with unhardened barley. Measurement of Fv in vivo provides a rapid method to monitor the onset of cellular heat injury, to rank plants in order of heat resistance and to follow heat hardening. It appears to be suitable for developing a mass screening test for heat tolerance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat tolerance and heat hardening in crop plants measured by chlorophyll fluorescence

Smillie

Gibbons

1981

Carlsberg Res. Commun.

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“…The conventional methods (27,28) give only the spatially averaged CR at a definite area because these use point sensors. The static imaging of Chl fluorescence such as photography (8,15) reveals the location of impairment for the whole leaf in a similar manner as the DLE imaging method, but it does not give any information involving in CFI.…”

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confidence: 99%

Image Analysis of Chlorophyll Fluorescence Transients for Diagnosing the Photosynthetic System of Attached Leaves

Omasa¹,

Shimazaki²,

Aiga³

et al. 1987

Plant Physiol.

127

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A new image instrumentation system for quantitative analysis of the rapid change in intensity of chlorophyll fluorescence during dark-light transition (CFI, chlorophyll fluorescence induction), which is a sensitive indicator of the various reactions of photosynthesis, was developed and its performance was evaluated. This system made it possible to resolve CFI at any small leaf area (about 1 square millimeter) of a whole leaf when the plant was illuminated by blue-reen light at more than 50 micromoles photons per square meter per second. In order to test the usefulness of this system, we applied it to analyze the effect of S02 on photosynthetic apparatus in attached sunflower leaves. Dynamic CFI imaging over the whole single leaf, where there was no visible injury, indicated not only the local changes in photosynthetic activity but also the site of inhibition in photosynthetic electron transport system in chloroplasts. The new instrumentation system will be useful for the analytical diagnosis of various stress-actions on plants in situ. transport system. Therefore, the measurement and analysis of CFI in plant leaves in situ has been developed as a sensitive and nondestructive assay for the functional state of the photosynthetic apparatus (26,29,(31)(32)(33). The conventional methods (27,28) give only the spatially averaged CR at a definite area because these use point sensors. The static imaging of Chl fluorescence such as photography (8, 15) reveals the location of impairment for the whole leaf in a similar manner as the DLE imaging method, but it does not give any information involving in CFI.We therefore developed a new instrumentation system using a CCD image sensor for a quantitative analysis ofCFI, the system of which would give the information not only on the localized differences in photosynthetic activity on whole leaf in situ but also on the inhibition site in the photosynthetic system. In order to test the usefulness of this system, we successfully applied it to analyze the stress induced by SO2, a major phytotoxic air pollutant (10,12,17), on the photosynthetic apparatus of attached sunflower leaves. MATERIALS AND METHODSAbiotic and biotic stresses such as air pollutants, water deficit, high or low temperature, and virus infection cause a spatially heterogeneous impairment in attached leaves. The heterogeneous impairment was indicated in stomatal responses and photosynthetic activity. For example, recent investigations employing thermal imaging methods (9,19,21,22) and DLE2 imaging methods (6, 7) have shown evidence of spatially different responses of stomata in situ to various stresses. The DLE imaging method, furthermore, clarified localized changes in photosynthetic activity induced by the stresses (2, 5). However, these techniques did not provide any information about the site of inhibition in the photosynthetic apparatus.Rapid changes in intensity of Chl a fluorescence during darklight transition (CFI) reflect the various reactions of photosynthesis (4,11,13,18,24)

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“…This phenomenon first described five decades ago (11) has been studied more recently in relation to water potential, frost resistance, and photoinhibition of photosynthesis in leaves (6,20) as well as more extensively in laboratory studies on the coupling of photochemical and metabolic processes in chloroplasts and cells (2,17,23,24). Although the time course of this fluorescence has certain consistent features (for reviews, see Clayton [5] Although there was some variation between experiments (day to day variation and position variation on a leaf) in the actual level of fluorescence measured, there were consistently reproducible differences between Kalanchoe and pineapple leaves.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal Variations in Leaf Fluorescence Induction Kinetics

Everson¹,

Chen²,

Black³

1983

Plant Physiol.

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The variable fluorescence of leaves from Kalachoi daigrenwntiana and pineapple, Anaws comnosus, both CAM plants, was found to change over a 24-hour cycle and to exhibit high temperature-dependent maxima during the night period. The time course of the induced fluorescence was correlated with malic acid accumulation but not with other aspects of CAM such as with the nature of the decarboxylation pathway or with stomatal movements. The variable fluorescences of sunflower (Helanthus awuws L.) and corn (Zea mays L.) leaves were compared with the CAM plants diurnafly, both plants also exhibit high fluorescence maxima during the night period. We conclude that the assembly of the photosystems in the Light is a primary process in photosynthesis induction and may be influenced by other celiular metabolic processes, specifically in the case of CAM leaves by malic acid accumulaton.events associated with CAM CO2 metabolism and organic acid metabolism (13,14). We are not aware of other investigations on variable fluorescence induction during the night phase of a higher plant's diurnal cycle, so diurnal curves for a C3 and a C4 plant also were measured and compared with CAM curves.We have chosen the two CAM species as representing two different biochemical pathways of CAM. Kalanchoe utilizes malic enzyme for decarboxylating malic acid and pyruvate Pi dikinase in the regenerative phase of glycolysis; pineapple uses PEP4 carboxykinase for decarboxylation and PEP production. Furthermore, the two plants vary in the source of sugars as substrate for glycolysis during malic acid production. Pineapple utilizes fructose and glucose (cytosolic) plus glucans while Kalanchoe utilizes starch (chloroplastic) as their respective sources of carbon for producing the nighttime CO2 acceptor PEP (3, 13). MATERIALS AND METHODSPreviously darkened leaves display fluorescence which varies in intensity during continuous excitation with weak actinic light. This phenomenon first described five decades ago (11) has been studied more recently in relation to water potential, frost resistance, and photoinhibition of photosynthesis in leaves (6,20) as well as more extensively in laboratory studies on the coupling of photochemical and metabolic processes in chloroplasts and cells (2,17, 23, 24). Although the time course of this fluorescence has certain consistent features (for reviews, see Clayton [5]

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Chlorophyll fluorescence photography to detect mutants, chilling injury and heat stress

Cited by 12 publications

References 24 publications

Heat tolerance and heat hardening in crop plants measured by chlorophyll fluorescence

Heat tolerance and heat hardening in crop plants measured by chlorophyll fluorescence

Image Analysis of Chlorophyll Fluorescence Transients for Diagnosing the Photosynthetic System of Attached Leaves

Diurnal Variations in Leaf Fluorescence Induction Kinetics

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