The release of aqueous residues generated by the extraction process of essential oils presents a real risk of environmental pollution. This work aims to reduce this risk and produce value-added materials. The aqueous residue of Dittrichia graveolens (D. graveolens) hydrodistillation has been reused in two valorization ways: 1/ in the ecological dyeing. 2/ in biological eld. First, a phytochemical study of the aqueous residue was carried out by determining the ployphenols and avonoids content and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Second, the eco-dyeing process with the aqueous residue was performed on the polyamide fabric, the process was optimized by the surface response methodology using Minitab software and was evaluated by the fastness tests for the optimal conditions. Third, the aqueous residue was assessed for its biological activities. Promising coloring power and biological potential of the aqueous residue showed that this last could be an important source for developing environmentally friendly natural dyes and bioactive products.