Chloroplast DNA evidence of colonization, adaptive radiation, and hybridization in the evolution of the Macaronesian flora.

Francisco‐Ortega, Javier; Jansen, Robert K.; Santos‐Guerra, Arnoldo

doi:10.1073/pnas.93.9.4085

Cited by 177 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In these cases the development of community structure is determined by the pace of adaptive radiation. In Darwin's finches in the Galapagos (Grant 1986), anolis lizards in the Carribean (Losos et al 2003), spiders in Hawaii (Gillespie 2004) and plants in the Canary Islands (Francisco-Ortega et al 1996), adaptive radiation has filled trophic or habitat niches with new species, replicating the process independently on different islands. Evolution has played a clear, historical role in creating community structure in such island communities, but what role does evolution play in the assembly of the more common situation of less isolated, continental communities (Losos 1996;Ackerly 2003)?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absence of phylogenetic signal in the niche structure of meadow plant communities

Silvertown

McConway

Gowing³

et al. 2005

Proc. R. Soc. B.

153

171

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A significant proportion of the global diversity of flowering plants has evolved in recent geological time, probably through adaptive radiation into new niches. However, rapid evolution is at odds with recent research which has suggested that plant ecological traits, including the b-(or habitat) niche, evolve only slowly. We have quantified traits that determine within-habitat a diversity (a niches) in two communities in which species segregate on hydrological gradients. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of these data shows practically no evidence of a correlation between the ecological and evolutionary distances separating species, indicating that hydrological a niches are evolutionarily labile. We propose that contrasting patterns of evolutionary conservatism for a-and b-niches is a general phenomenon necessitated by the hierarchical filtering of species during community assembly. This determines that species must have similar b niches in order to occupy the same habitat, but different a niches in order to coexist.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absence of phylogenetic signal in the niche structure of meadow plant communities

Silvertown

McConway

Gowing³

et al. 2005

Proc. R. Soc. B.

153

171

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Increasing efforts to draw biogeographical inferences in the Macaronesian archipelagos have been performed in the last 15 years, focusing on endemic plant species' evolution and speciation (Francisco-Ortega et al 1996;Juan et al 2000;Vargas 2007;Kim et al 2008), and providing valuable insights into the patterns of colonization, dispersal and taxonomic relationships among the region's endemics. The emerging pattern from recent phylogenetic studies envisions a scenario where recent and rapid radiations with a predominantly western Mediterranean origin coexist with lineage relicts of subtropical origin, forming part of the Macaronesian laurisilva of Tethyan-Tertiary flora (Bohle et al 1996;Francisco-Ortega et al 1996;Jorgensen and Frydenberg 1999;Helfgott et al 2000;Emerson 2002;Carine et al 2004;Vargas 2007). Indeed, almost all the studied species belong to the Angiosperms (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and molecular data from Madeira support the persistence of an ancient lineage ofTaxus baccataL. in Macaronesia and call for immediate conservation actions

et al. 2013

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Macaronesia is an important biodiversity hotspot in the Mediterranean bioclimatic region, hosting a number of endemics, and encompassing outstanding refugia for ancient Tertiary plant lineages. We investigated past occurrence and present distribution of yew (Taxusbaccata L.) in the Madeiran archipelago, providing preliminary morphological and genetic descriptions and addressing conservation issues. Fifty-eight individuals presently occur in 19 micro-populations, as probable survivors of the continued yew exploitation across the centuries. Plants were characterized and compared with Euro-Mediterranean provenances by leaf morphology, anatomy, nuclear ITS (Internal Trascribed Spacer) and plastid trnS-trnQ DNA markers. The Madeiran provenance showed peculiar leaf size and morpho-anatomical characters. DNA sequences revealed a basal position of Madeiran yew in the Baccata phylogenetic clades along with the Azorean provenance. Gathered data suggest the survival of a lineage of T. baccata different from those on the continent, and with a possible closer derivation from the species' ancestors. Such evidences provide a base for identifying a great phylo-and phytogeographical interest of the Macaronesian provenance, and confirm the role of the archipelagos to preserve relict flora and lineages. The risk of extinction of Madeiran yew also calls for conservation strategies and restoration programs for a prompt species rescue.

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“…3.5 million years ago, the island of �ran Canaria was sterilised by the eruption of the Roque Nublo. Only two small hideaways remained after the catastrophe (FranCisCo-ortega et al 1996).…”

Section: Changes In Ecological Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristic pattern of species diversity on the Canary Islands

Steinbauer¹,

Beierkuhnlein²

2010

ERDKUNDE

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Summary:We use an island specific presence/absence data set for the Canary Islands' Arthropoda, Spermatophyta, Fungi, Lichenes, Bryophyta, Mollusca, Chordata, Pteridophyta, Annelida and Nematoda to assess the relative influence of environmental and historical factors on species distribution and endemism. Species richness and the percentage of island endemic species as well as similarity indices for island comparisons were calculated for all species groups. Hierarchical partitioning is used to identify the independent and joined influence of 21 environmental and historical variables. The pattern of species richness is best explained by island elevation. Elevation reflects a variety of factors that contribute to habitat diversity. A similar pattern is detected for the "percentage of single island endemics" (pSIE), a factor associated with speciation. Variables associated with geographical distance have highest explanatory power for biotical similarity of islands. Various Canary Islands species groups show strong distance-decay within the archipelago. According to our findings, speciation is not necessarily driven by species richness or island age alone. Thus, we conclude that correlations between species richness and pSIE, identified in previous studies, could represent an artefact related to differing degrees of isolation between zonal altitudinal ecosystems. This would lead to an increase of speciation with altitude resulting in higher values for pSIE on high altitude islands. Zusammenfassung

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Chloroplast DNA evidence of colonization, adaptive radiation, and hybridization in the evolution of the Macaronesian flora.

Cited by 177 publications

References 24 publications

Absence of phylogenetic signal in the niche structure of meadow plant communities

Absence of phylogenetic signal in the niche structure of meadow plant communities

Morphological and molecular data from Madeira support the persistence of an ancient lineage ofTaxus baccataL. in Macaronesia and call for immediate conservation actions

Characteristic pattern of species diversity on the Canary Islands

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