Chloroplast genome sequencing analysis of Heterosigma akashiwo CCMP452 (West Atlantic) and NIES293 (West Pacific) strains

Cattolico, Rose Ann; Jacobs, Michael A.; Zhou, Yang; Chang, Jean; Duplessis, Melinda; Lybrand, Terry P.; McKay, John; Ong, Han Chuan; Sims, Elizabeth H.; Rocap, Gabrielle

doi:10.1186/1471-2164-9-211

Cited by 57 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 118 publications

(109 reference statements)

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“…In addition, V. litorea has retained the genes for the light-independent chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway: chlB, chlL, and chlN. However, as expected, the V. litorea ptDNA shares more similarity with heterokonts and red algae than it does with green plastids (34,35,37) (see complete inventory of plastid genes by category in Table S1). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…All the plastid rRNA genes are found on both copies of the inverted repeat in the highly conserved operon rrs-trnI-trnA-rrl-rrf. Unlike the four published heterokont ptDNAs that lack introns (34,35), V. litorea contains one intron in the trnL UAA gene-an ancient intron that is also present in cyanobacteria (36). In addition, V. litorea has retained the genes for the light-independent chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway: chlB, chlL, and chlN.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The genes are densely arranged with an average intergenic region of 74bp and 11.1% noncoding DNA. The overall G ϩ C content is 28%, which is low compared with most plastids, including other related heterokonts (34,35). The genome is separated into two large single-copy regions (62,002bp and 43,469bp) by two smaller inverted repeats (both 4935bp).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Horizontal gene transfer of the algal nuclear gene psbO to the photosynthetic sea slug Elysia chlorotica

Rumpho

Worful²,

Lee³

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

241

169

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The sea slug Elysia chlorotica acquires plastids by ingestion of its algal food source Vaucheria litorea. Organelles are sequestered in the mollusc's digestive epithelium, where they photosynthesize for months in the absence of algal nucleocytoplasm. This is perplexing because plastid metabolism depends on the nuclear genome for >90% of the needed proteins. Two possible explanations for the persistence of photosynthesis in the sea slug are (i) the ability of V. litorea plastids to retain genetic autonomy and/or (ii) more likely, the mollusc provides the essential plastid proteins. Under the latter scenario, genes supporting photosynthesis have been acquired by the animal via horizontal gene transfer and the encoded proteins are retargeted to the plastid. We sequenced the plastid genome and confirmed that it lacks the full complement of genes required for photosynthesis. In support of the second scenario, we demonstrated that a nuclear gene of oxygenic photosynthesis, psbO, is expressed in the sea slug and has integrated into the germline. The source of psbO in the sea slug is V. litorea because this sequence is identical from the predator and prey genomes. Evidence that the transferred gene has integrated into sea slug nuclear DNA comes from the finding of a highly diverged psbO 3 flanking sequence in the algal and mollusc nuclear homologues and gene absence from the mitochondrial genome of E. chlorotica. We demonstrate that foreign organelle retention generates metabolic novelty (''green animals'') and is explained by anastomosis of distinct branches of the tree of life driven by predation and horizontal gene transfer.symbiosis ͉ Vaucheria litorea ͉ evolution ͉ plastid ͉ stramenopile

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Horizontal gene transfer of the algal nuclear gene psbO to the photosynthetic sea slug Elysia chlorotica

Rumpho

Worful²,

Lee³

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

241

169

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Elucidating the exact nature of potential physiological and genetic differences between strains is beyond the scope of the current study, however, the ITS region, which is often highly variable, has been shown to be identical across numerous strains globally, suggesting recent geographic radiation from a single genotype (Connell 2000;Ki and Han 2007). This is in contrast to the chloroplast genome of H. akashiwo, which varies across populations (Akase et al 2004;Cattolico et al 2008;Fredrickson et al 2011). Regarding management applications, the level of concern for H. akashiwo is 1 × 10 5 cells L -1 (Tyrrell et al 2002).…”

Section: Doll Et Almentioning

confidence: 87%

“…As examples, a H. akashiwo bloom in New Zealand resulted in the loss of farmed salmon at an estimated value of NZ$17 million (Chang et al 1990), and recurrent blooms have resulted in considerable losses of both penned and migratory salmon in Puget Sound, Washington (Rensel et al 2010). Third, although genetic variability exists in the chloroplast genome (Akase et al 2004;Cattolico et al 2008;Fredrickson et al 2011), low ITS sequence divergence suggests that H. akashiwo most likely expanded its geographic distribution during recent geologic time (Connell 2000;Ki and Han 2007). Thus, the existing SHA probes are likely to be suitable for a variety of geographically isolated populations.…”

Section: Comparison Of Sandwich Hybridization Assay and Quantitative mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of sandwich hybridization assay and quantitative PCR for the quantification of live and preserved cultures of Heterosigma akashiwo (Raphidophyceae)

Doll

Main

Bianco

et al. 2014

Limnology & Ocean Methods

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Harmful algal bloom (HAB) species include members of several phytoplankton taxa that cause a variety of negative effects on aquatic ecosystems, human health, and economies, such as trophic accumulation of toxins, shellfish poisoning, fishery and beach closures, and others (e.g., Smayda 1997; Scholin et al. 2000;Hoagland and Scatasta 2006). Light microscopy has been traditionally used to identify and enumerate HAB species, but this approach is time consuming and accurate species identification is difficult among morphologically similar taxa and when the organism of interest is rare within a complex microbial assemblage (Anderson 1995; Anderson et al. 2005). Consequently, there has been a recent surge in the development of methods that enable rapid and accurate detection and quantification of HAB species and the substances they produce to augment research and management activities that facilitate early warning of bloom events to close fisheries or alert health officials. Examples include antibody tests, (e.g., Campbell et al. 1989;Shapiro et al. 1989), optical detection (e.g., Kirkpatrick et al. 2000;Robbins et al. 2006), molecular approaches (e.g., Anderson 1995;Groben et al. 2004), and observatory platforms (e.g., Sosik et al. 2003;See et al. 2005;Olson and Sosik 2007;Paul et al. 2007;Roman et al. 2007; Scholin et al. 2009). Despite these numerous advances, comparisons between multiple approaches are surprisingly rare. Godhe et al. (2007) describes a novel workshop that entailed cross-comparisons of methods for quantifying the "red tide" dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense. While results elucidated the relative performance of several techniques, varying culture conditions and use of shared equipment prevented direct comparisons, highlighting the importance for a rigorous sideby-side methods comparison accomplished by splitting a single sample followed by analyses with multiple methods. Comparison AbstractIn this study, we directly compared two molecular techniques, sandwich hybridization assay (SHA) and quantitative PCR (qPCR), for quantifying laboratory cultures of the ichthyotoxic raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo. To maximize comparisons, all experiments entailed raising H. akashiwo in the laboratory, generating cellular homogenates then splitting them such that for each sample, the same homogenate was analyzed using both SHA and qPCR. To verify molecular data, all experiments included cell counts using light microscopy and a Sedgewick Rafter chamber. Results of standard curves for several geographically distinct strains using SHA were similar to prior research whereas others exhibited significantly different slopes, suggesting physiological differences between isolates. Data generated by qPCR showed a high degree of correlation with SHA responses. We also investigated the use of each method for quantifying H. akashiwo samples preserved with Lugol's iodine solution. Neither SHA nor qPCR produced results that were significantly different from initial values for Lugol's preserved samples stored under refri...

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Plastid structure and genomics

Miglani

2016

Plant Cells and Their Organelles

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Chloroplast genome sequencing analysis of Heterosigma akashiwo CCMP452 (West Atlantic) and NIES293 (West Pacific) strains

Cited by 57 publications

References 118 publications

Horizontal gene transfer of the algal nuclear gene psbO to the photosynthetic sea slug Elysia chlorotica

Horizontal gene transfer of the algal nuclear gene psbO to the photosynthetic sea slug Elysia chlorotica

Comparison of sandwich hybridization assay and quantitative PCR for the quantification of live and preserved cultures of Heterosigma akashiwo (Raphidophyceae)

Plastid structure and genomics

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