Chloroplast genome transformation of medicinal plant <i>Artemisia annua</i>

Chloroplast engineering has matured considerably in recent years. It is emerging as a promising tool to address the challenges related to food security, drug production, and sustainable energy posed by an ever-growing world population. Chloroplasts have proven their potential by efficiently expressing transgenes, encapsulating recombinant proteins, and protecting them from cellular machinery, making it possible to obtain highly functional proteins. This quality has also been exploited by interfering RNA technology. In addition to the practical attributes offered by chloroplast transformation, such as the elimination of position effects, polycistronic expression, and massive protein production, the technique represents an advance in biosafety terms; however, even if its great biotechnological potential, crops that have efficiently transformed are still a proof of concept. Despite efforts, other essential crops have remained recalcitrant to chloroplast transformation, which has limited their expansion. In this chapter, we address the most recent advances in this area and the challenges that must be solved to extend the transformation to other crops and become the de facto tool in plant biotechnology.

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“…Half long [68] Malvaceae Gossypium hirsutum cv. Coker310FR [69] Asteraceae Artemisia annua [70] Lactuca sativa cv. Verônica, cv Flora and cv.…”

Section: Incorporation Of New Traits In Plants Through Chloroplast Tr...unclassified

Chloroplasts: The Future of Large-Scale Protein Production

Chávez¹,

Ornelas²,

Cruz³

et al. 2024

Physiology

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“…There are vastly more species with transformable nuclei than chloroplasts, but the number of valuable species amenable to chloroplast transformation is constantly increasing, and established protocols exist for many model organisms and economically important crops (e.g., soybean) ( Boynton et al., 1988 ; Svab and Maliga, 1993 ; Ahmad et al., 2016 ; Nimmo et al., 2019 ; Kaushal et al., 2020 ; Ruf et al., 2021 ). Additionally, the molecular toolbox for control of chloroplast transgene expression is continually growing, offering synthetic biologists a variety of options to fine-tune expression levels and timing ( Bock, 2022 ).…”

Section: The Chloroplast As a Factorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Energetic considerations for engineering novel biochemistries in photosynthetic organisms

Strand

Walker²

2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Humans have been harnessing biology to make valuable compounds for generations. From beer and biofuels to pharmaceuticals, biology provides an efficient alternative to industrial processes. With the continuing advancement of molecular tools to genetically modify organisms, biotechnology is poised to solve urgent global problems related to environment, increasing population, and public health. However, the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis are constrained to produce a fixed stoichiometry of ATP and reducing equivalents that may not match the newly introduced synthetic metabolism, leading to inefficiency or damage. While photosynthetic organisms have evolved several ways to modify the ATP/NADPH output from their thylakoid electron transport chain, it is unknown if the native energy balancing mechanisms grant enough flexibility to match the demands of the synthetic metabolism. In this review we discuss the role of photosynthesis in the biotech industry, and the energetic considerations of using photosynthesis to power synthetic biology.

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“…The biolistic approach has been utilized on Artemisia annua to perform chloroplast genome transformation in one of the studies to produce a higher yield of artemisinin for a drug against malaria infection. This finding could lead to future studies on producing artemisinin on a larger yield for its global demand and this shows the success of the biolistic approach on chloroplast genome transformation in producing biopharmaceuticals [ 25 ]. In another study, the biolistic DNA delivery approach has efficiently worked on transforming chloroplast’s genome in potatoes.…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene introduction approaches in chloroplast transformation and its applications

Kumar

Ling

2021

Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

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Background Chloroplast is a type of plastid that is believed to be originated from ancestral cyanobacteria. Chloroplast besides being a major component for photosynthesis, also takes part in another major plant metabolism, making it one of the major components of plants. Main body Chloroplast transformation is an alternative and better genetic engineering approach compared to the nuclear transformation that has been widely applied in plant genetic engineering. Chloroplast transformation has exhibited various positive effects as compared to nuclear transformation. This is a more preferred technique by researchers. To carry out chloroplast transformation, the vector design must be performed, and a selectable marker needs to be incorporated before the chloroplast could uptake the construct. The common way of introducing a gene into the host, which is the chloroplast, involves the biolistic, PEG-mediated, carbon nanotubes carriers, UV-laser microbeam, and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation approaches. Apart from discussing the processes involved in introducing the gene into the chloroplast, this review also focuses on the various applications brought about by chloroplast transformation, particularly in the field of agriculture and environmental science. Conclusion Chloroplast transformation has shown a lot of advantages and proven to be a better alternative compared to nuclear genome transformation. Further studies must be conducted to uncover new knowledge regarding chloroplast transformation as well as to discover its additional applications in the fields of biotechnology.

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Chloroplast genome transformation of medicinal plant Artemisia annua

Cited by 15 publications

References 10 publications

Chloroplasts: The Future of Large-Scale Protein Production

Chloroplasts: The Future of Large-Scale Protein Production

Energetic considerations for engineering novel biochemistries in photosynthetic organisms

Gene introduction approaches in chloroplast transformation and its applications

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