Chloroquine enhances replication of influenza A virus A/WSN/33 (H1N1) in dose-, time-, and MOI-dependent manners in human lung epithelial cells A549

Wu, Liqi; Dai, Jianping; Zhao, Xiaohong; Chen, Youying; Wang, Gefei; Li, Kangsheng

doi:10.1002/jmv.24135

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The influenza viral surface glycoprotein, hemagglutinin (HA) also facilitates the viral entry into host cells by mediating the fusion of viral membrane within cellular acidic compartments (Wu et al. ). Thus, intravesicular acidic pH is essential for the viral‐cell fusion process.…”

Section: Effectiveness Of Chloroquine Analogs In Emerging Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Targeting endosomal acidification by chloroquine analogs as a promising strategy for the treatment of emerging viral diseases

Al‐Bari

2017

Pharmacol Res Perspect

321

229

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Emerging viruses such as HIV, dengue, influenza A, SARS coronavirus, Ebola, and other viruses pose a significant threat to human health. Majority of these viruses are responsible for the outbreaks of pathogenic lethal infections. To date, there are no effective therapeutic strategies available for the prophylaxis and treatment of these infections. Chloroquine analogs have been used for decades as the primary and most successful drugs against malaria. Concomitant with the emergence of chloroquine‐resistant Plasmodium strains and a subsequent decrease in the use as antimalarial drugs, other applications of the analogs have been investigated. Since the analogs have interesting biochemical properties, these drugs are found to be effective against a wide variety of viral infections. As antiviral action, the analogs have been shown to inhibit acidification of endosome during the events of replication and infection. Moreover, immunomodulatory effects of analogs have been beneficial to patients with severe inflammatory complications of several viral diseases. Interestingly, one of the successful targeting strategies is the inhibition of HIV replication by the analogs in vitro which are being tested in several clinical trials. This review focuses on the potentialities of chloroquine analogs for the treatment of endosomal low pH dependent emerging viral diseases.

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Section: Effectiveness Of Chloroquine Analogs In Emerging Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), the effectiveness of analogs as anti‐influenza drugs is questioned, and cautions in their uses are recommended (Wu et al. ).…”

Section: Effectiveness Of Chloroquine Analogs In Emerging Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting endosomal acidification by chloroquine analogs as a promising strategy for the treatment of emerging viral diseases

Al‐Bari

2017

Pharmacol Res Perspect

321

229

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“…Finally, despite CADs display a wide range of antiviral effects, surprisingly some reports described a positive effect of specific CADs on replication of certain viruses. For instance, Salata et al [66] reported that amiodarone significantly increases enteroviral progeny release from infected cells in vitro, while Wu et al [105] described an increase of influenza A virus A/WSN/33 (H1N1) replication in human lung epithelial cells A549, after treatment with chloroquine. Klintworth and coworkers [65] reported that, while amiodarone and other CADs do not affect the entry of wild type rabies virus into target cells, the same molecules enhance entry of lentiviral particles pseudotyped with the rabies virus envelope glycoprotein into non-neuronal cells.…”

Section: Expert Commentarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral activity of cationic amphiphilic drugs

Salata

Calistri

Parolin

et al. 2017

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy

124

123

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Emerging and reemerging viral infections represent a major concern for human and veterinary public health and there is an urgent need for the development of broad-spectrum antivirals. Areas covered: A recent strategy in antiviral research is based on the identification of molecules targeting host functions required for infection of multiple viruses. A number of FDA-approved drugs used to treat several human diseases are cationic amphiphilic drugs (CADs) that have the ability to accumulate inside cells affecting several structures/functions hijacked by viruses during infection. In this review we summarized the CADs' chemical properties and effects on the cells and reported the main FDA-approved CADs that have been identified so far as potential antivirals in drug repurposing studies. Expert commentary: Although there have been concerns regarding the efficacy and the possible side effects of the off-label use of CADs as antivirals, they seem to represent a promising starting point for the development of broad-spectrum antiviral strategies. Further knowledge about their mechanism of action is required to improve their antiviral activity and to reduce the risk of side effects.

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“…Yet, these preliminary studies have aroused enough media interest to stimulate a large number of studies world-wide. It has been shown subsequently that chloroquine increased viral production when the drug was applied to cells after viral adsorption [ 93 ]. Serious adverse drug reactions have been reported in patients with COVID-19 receiving hydroxychloroquine, justifying limitation of its prescription and to perform suitable cardiac and therapeutic drug monitoring [ 94 ].…”

Section: Glutathione and Viral Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glutathione Supplementation as an Adjunctive Therapy in COVID-19

et al. 2020

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Morbidity and mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are due in large part to severe cytokine storm and hypercoagulable state brought on by dysregulated host-inflammatory immune response, ultimately leading to multi-organ failure. Exacerbated oxidative stress caused by increased levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) along with decreased levels of interferon α and interferon β (IFN-α, IFN-β) are mainly believed to drive the disease process. Based on the evidence attesting to the ability of glutathione (GSH) to inhibit viral replication and decrease levels of IL-6 in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) patients, as well as beneficial effects of GSH on other pulmonary diseases processes, we believe the use of liposomal GSH could be beneficial in COVID-19 patients. This review discusses the epidemiology, transmission, and clinical presentation of COVID-19 with a focus on its pathogenesis and the possible use of liposomal GSH as an adjunctive treatment to the current treatment modalities in COVID-19 patients.

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Chloroquine enhances replication of influenza A virus A/WSN/33 (H1N1) in dose-, time-, and MOI-dependent manners in human lung epithelial cells A549

Cited by 16 publications

References 32 publications

Targeting endosomal acidification by chloroquine analogs as a promising strategy for the treatment of emerging viral diseases

Targeting endosomal acidification by chloroquine analogs as a promising strategy for the treatment of emerging viral diseases

Antiviral activity of cationic amphiphilic drugs

Glutathione Supplementation as an Adjunctive Therapy in COVID-19

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