Chloroquine Resistance in<i>Plasmodium vivax</i>

Baird, J. Kevin

doi:10.1128/aac.48.11.4075-4083.2004

Cited by 311 publications

(255 citation statements)

References 100 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

243

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The CQ concentrations in whole blood were always higher than in plasma for all samples collected from these patients. The average ratios of CQ in whole blood/plasma in 14 patients were around 6.65 on day 7 and 3.35 on day 28, which is similar to the range noted in previous publication (Baird, 2004; Dua et al , 1999). …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

An HPLC method with diode array detector for the simultaneous quantification of chloroquine and desethylchloroquine in plasma and whole blood samples from Plasmodium vivax patients in Vietnam, using quinine as an internal standard

Pham

Nguyen

Khanh

et al. 2016

Biomedical Chromatography

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A sensitive, simple method for quantification of chloroquine (CQ) and desethylchloroquine (MCQ) in whole blood and plasma from Plasmodium vivax patients has been developed using HPLC with diode array detection (DAD). Solid‐phase extraction on Isolute‐96‐CBA was employed to process 100 μL of plasma/whole blood samples. CQ, MCQ and quinine were separated using a mobile phase of phosphate buffer 25 mm, pH 2.60–acetonitrile (88:12, v/v) with 2 mm sodium perchlorate on a Zorbax SB‐CN 150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm column at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min, at ambient temperature in 10 min, with the DAD wavelength of 343 nm. The method was linear over the range of 10–5000 ng/mL for both CQ and MCQ in plasma and whole blood. The limit of detection was 4 ng/mL and limit of quantification was 10 ng/mL in both plasma and blood for CQ and MCQ. The intra‐, inter‐ and total assay precision were <10% for CQ and MCQ in plasma and whole blood. In plasma, the accuracies varied between 101 and 103%, whereas in whole blood, the accuracies ranged from 97.0 to 102% for CQ and MCQ. The method is an ideal technique with simple facilities and instruments, bringing about good separation in comparison with previous methods. © 2016 The Authors Biomedical Chromatography Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

An HPLC method with diode array detector for the simultaneous quantification of chloroquine and desethylchloroquine in plasma and whole blood samples from Plasmodium vivax patients in Vietnam, using quinine as an internal standard

Pham

Nguyen

Khanh

et al. 2016

Biomedical Chromatography

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…ous reports of severe vivax malaria worldwide (Rogerson & Carter 2008), and the emergence of chloroquine resistance in this species (Baird 2004) are a possible consequences of intra-host competition. The recently increasing tolerance of P. vivax hypnozoites to primaquine (Baird & Rickmann 2003), the only anti-relapse drug currently in clinical use, may have favoured multiple-clone infections in several endemic settings due to superinfection with new strains in patients already carrying relapsing parasites.…”

Section: Prevalence and Consequences Of Multiple-clone P Vivax Infecmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Historically, P. vivax malaria has received little attention and limited funds for research and control, since it usually produces less severe symptoms than Plasmodium falciparum (Price et al 2007). With the recent emergence of drug resistance (Baird 2004) and increased virulence (Rogerson & Carter 2008) among P. vivax strains, considerable research efforts devoted to the study of this parasite are now underway.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A closer look at multiple-clone Plasmodium vivax infections: detection methods, prevalence and consequences

Havryliuk

Ferreira

2009

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…46,68,69 Evidence for declining CQ efficacy against P. vivax, albeit to a lesser degree, has been reported from across the vivax-endemic world (Figures 1-3). [70][71][72] In vivo efficacy. The WHO's protocols for the evaluation of antimalarial efficacy focus primarily on the treatment of P. falciparum.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%