Chloroxylenol at environmental concentrations can promote conjugative transfer of antibiotic resistance genes by multiple mechanisms

Guo, Yi; Gao, Jingfeng; Cui, Yingchao; Wang, Zhiqi; Li, Ziqiao; Duan, Wanjun; Wang, Yuwei

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151599

Cited by 36 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Consistently, the sub-MIC 90 levels of acetic acid (0.001 mg/mL), 2-methoxy-phenolx (0.01–0.5 mg/mL), 2,6-dimethoxy phenol (0.1 mg/mL), and 3-methyl-1,2-cyclopentanedione (0.05–0.5 mg/mL) posed promotive effects on the conjugation (Figure ). This was also supported by previous studies, , which reported that phenolic compounds such as p -nitrophenol, p -aminophenol, phenol, and chloroxylenol at sub-inhibitory levels of 10–100 mg/L promoted the plasmid RP4 transfer from E. coli HB101 to the bacteria in activated sludge.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Contrarily, when the amounts of these four components increased to the inhibitory levels (i.e., 0.1 mg/mL for acetic acid, 1 mg/mL for 2-methoxy-phenolx, 2 mg/mL for 2,6-dimethoxy phenol, and 3 mg/mL for 3-methyl-1,2-cyclopentanedione), the transconjugant number significantly decreased and followed an order of acetic acid ≈ 2,6-dimethoxy phenol > 3-methyl-1,2-cyclopentanedione > 2-methoxy-phenolx (Figure , Tables S2 and S5). In previous studies, these hormesis effects were also observed for antibiotics (e.g., gentamicin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline) and phenolic compounds (e.g., chloroxylenol and p -nitrophenol). , However, free nitrous acid at the subinhibitory concentrations (<0.02 mg N/L) showed inhibited effects on plasmid RP4 conjugation within genera of E. coli K12 and E.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…These results implied that the decreased pH of the mating systems resulting from PA acidity is not the only contributor for inhibiting or promoting the conjugation and further verified that the PA components (e.g., acids, phenols, and ketones) also played important roles in the conjugation. Previous studies reported that a variety of organic compounds (e.g., dicamba, p -aminophenol, and phenol) at sub-inhibitory levels could promote ARG conjugation by the increased ROS production, membrane permeability, and intercellular contact but inhibited the conjugation via bacteriostasis above the MIC levels. , Therefore, the promoted conjugation by PA may be regulated by (1) intracellular ROS production, (2) membrane permeability, and (3) intercellular contact, but the inhibited conjugation by PA may be regulated by (1) the inhibited recipient and donor growth, (2) destroyed antioxidant system, (3) damaged cell membrane, and (4) broken pilus, which are further verified in the following sections.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hormetic Effect of Pyroligneous Acids on Conjugative Transfer of Plasmid-mediated Multi-antibiotic Resistance Genes within Bacterial Genus

Shao

Liu

et al. 2022

ACS Environ. Au

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Spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) by conjugation poses great challenges to public health. Application of pyroligneous acids (PA) as soil amendments has been evidenced as a practical strategy to remediate pollution of ARGs in soils. However, little is known about PA effects on horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of ARGs by conjugation. This study investigated the effects of a woody waste-derived PA prepared at 450°C and its three distillation components (F1, F2, and F3) at different temperatures (98, 130, and 220°C) on conjugative transfer of plasmid RP4 within Escherichia coli. PA at relatively high amount (40−100 μL) in a 30-mL mating system inhibited conjugation by 74−85%, following an order of PA > F3 ≈ F2 ≈ F1, proving the hypothesis that PA amendments may mitigate soil ARG pollution by inhibiting HGT. The bacteriostasis caused by antibacterial components of PA, including acids, phenols, and alcohols, as well as its acidity (pH 2.81) contributed to the inhibited conjugation. However, a relatively low amount (10−20 μL) of PA in the same mating system enhanced ARG transfer by 26−47%, following an order of PA > F3 ≈ F2 > F1. The opposite effect at low amount is mainly attributed to the increased intracellular reactive oxygen species production, enhanced cell membrane permeability, increased extracellular polymeric substance contents, and reduced cell surface charge. Our findings highlight the hormesis (low-amount promotion and high-amount inhibition) of PA amendments on ARG conjugation and provide evidence for selecting an appropriate amount of PA amendment to control the dissemination of soil ARGs. Moreover, the promoted conjugation also triggers questions regarding the potential risks of soil amendments (e.g., PA) in the spread of ARGs via HGT.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hormetic Effect of Pyroligneous Acids on Conjugative Transfer of Plasmid-mediated Multi-antibiotic Resistance Genes within Bacterial Genus

Shao

Liu

et al. 2022

ACS Environ. Au

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“… 1 , 3 Other studies, however, found that PCMX could alter cellular blood components and produce oxidative DNA damage after repeated exposure. 4 , 5 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,3 Other studies, however, found that PCMX could alter cellular blood components and produce oxidative DNA damage after repeated exposure. 4,5 Testicular toxicity is a major cause of infertility. Various factors including, hormonal, environmental, behavioral and nutritional imbalances are responsible for testicular toxicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testicular Toxicity of Chloroxylenol in Rats: Biochemical, Pathological and Flow Cytometric Study

El-Naggar¹,

El-Zalabany²,

Shahin³

et al. 2022

JEP

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Background Chloroxylenol (para-chloro-meta-xylenol, PCMX) is claimed to be highly harmful both to humans and the environment. Toxic effects of PCMX on testicular functions are scarcely discussed in the literature. Aim of Study To study testicular toxic effects of PCMX on male Sprague-Dawley rats. Materials and Methods Forty animals were randomly distributed into three groups: negative control (G I), vehicle group (G II) and PCMX group (G III). PCMX group was subdivided into three subgroups: GIIIa: received PCMX 100 mg/kg, GIIIb: received PCMX 200 mg/kg and G IIIc: received PCMX 500 mg/kg. Hormonal assay included assessment of serum testosterone and estradiol levels. Histopathological examination of testicular tissue, analysis of cellular viability, necrosis and apoptosis in testicular tissue by flow cytometry, analysis of cellular DNA content and phases of cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry were also performed. Results Rats in the groups exposed to PCMX (G IIIa, G IIIb and G IIIc) had significantly lower estradiol and testosterone levels in comparison to control groups (G I and GII). Histopathological examination of testicular tissue of PCMX-exposed rats showed irregular crossly sectioned seminiferous tubules with their lumina containing scanty spermatids and spermatozoa. G IIIc animals showed eosinophilic proteinaceous material and vacuolated and necrotic interstitial cells of Leydig. Rats in PCMX-exposed groups (G IIIa, G IIIb and G IIIc) showed significantly lower testicular tissue viability in comparison to control groups (G I and G II). Rats in PCMX-exposed groups (G IIIa, G IIIb and G IIIc) showed significantly lower percentage of cells in the G0/G1 phase in comparison to control groups (G I and G II). Conclusion Rats exposed to PCMX had significant reduction in testosterone and estradiol levels with marked histopathological alterations affecting testicular tissues. These effects are dose-dependent.

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Biodegradation of chloroxylenol by an aerobic enrichment consortium and a newly identified Rhodococcus strain

Pan,

Ma,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Chloroxylenol at environmental concentrations can promote conjugative transfer of antibiotic resistance genes by multiple mechanisms

Cited by 36 publications

References 57 publications

Hormetic Effect of Pyroligneous Acids on Conjugative Transfer of Plasmid-mediated Multi-antibiotic Resistance Genes within Bacterial Genus

Hormetic Effect of Pyroligneous Acids on Conjugative Transfer of Plasmid-mediated Multi-antibiotic Resistance Genes within Bacterial Genus

Testicular Toxicity of Chloroxylenol in Rats: Biochemical, Pathological and Flow Cytometric Study

Biodegradation of chloroxylenol by an aerobic enrichment consortium and a newly identified Rhodococcus strain

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