“…Scholars such as Woodlock (2017), Douglas et al (2019), Matthews et al (2017), and Freed et al (2017) studied the role and experiences the misuse of technologies for IPV victims/survivors creates. While digital systems offer opportunities to assist IPV victims/survivors (Arief et al, 2014;Burdon and Douglas, 2017;Rodríguez-Rodríguez et al, 2020) and to challenge perpetrator's behaviours (Bellini et al, 2020), the exploitation of technologies to harm, monitor, and dominate victims/survivors can be positioned within Kelly's conceptualisation (1988) of a 'continuum of violence' (Harris, 2020). Thus, offline and online abuse forms closely intersect and overlap with other coercive and controlling behaviours (Stark, 2007;2016;Stark and Hester, 2018).…”