Cholangioscopic finding of severe hemorrhagic cholangitis associated with immune-related adverse events

Cholangioscopic appearance of circular folds in immune-related adverse event cholangitis

“…The use of nivolumab is associated with the IRAE cholangitis, which has no established countermeasures 1 . The cholangioscopic findings of cholangitis are nonspecific and include erosion, ulceration, and hemorrhage 2 3 . We report a case of cholangitis showing circular folds on cholangioscopy.…”