Cholera-like diarrhoea due to Salmonella infection

Saidi, Suleiman M.; Yamasaki, Shinji; Lijima, Yoshio; Kariuki, Sam

doi:10.3855/jidc.1168

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…It is possible that outbreaks caused by other pathogens were included in our analysis, which could reduce our power to detect real associations with cholera outbreaks. There are reports in the published literature of suspected outbreaks of cholera being diagnosed as other pathogens, 23 , 24 although these are rare suggesting that cholera outbreaks were unlikely to be commonly misclassified in EM-DAT. Many small and medium disasters go unnoticed, which potentially could be of high cumulative impact.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Droughts and Floods and Their Association with Cholera Outbreaks in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Register-Based Ecological Study from 1990 to 2010

Rieckmann

Tamason

Gurley

et al. 2018

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract.Cholera outbreaks in Africa have been attributed to both droughts and floods, but whether the risk of a cholera outbreak is elevated during droughts is unknown. We estimated the risk of cholera outbreaks during droughts and floods compared with drought- and flood-free periods in 40 sub-Saharan African countries during 1990–2010 based on data from Emergency Events Database: the Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance /Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters International Disaster Database (www.emdat.be). A cholera outbreak was registered in one of every three droughts and one of every 15 floods. We observed an increased incidence rate of cholera outbreaks during drought periods (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 4.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.9–7.2) and during flood periods (IRR = 144, 95% CI = 101–208) when compared with drought/flood-free periods. Floods are more strongly associated with cholera outbreaks, yet the prevalence of cholera outbreaks is higher during droughts because of droughts’ long durations. The results suggest that droughts in addition to floods call for increased cholera preparedness.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Droughts and Floods and Their Association with Cholera Outbreaks in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Register-Based Ecological Study from 1990 to 2010

Rieckmann

Tamason

Gurley

et al. 2018

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Unfortunately, this patient died 3 days post-admission. Cholera-like diarrhoea, caused by non-Typhoidal Salmonella has recently been reported in Kenya 20 , further emphasizing the need to scale up laboratory surveillance of diarrhoeal diseases. We speculate that the clinical presentation of our patient who unfortunately died may have mimicked cholera.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveillance of bacterial pathogens of diarrhoea in two selected sub metros within the Accra metropolis

Dzotsi¹,

Dongdem

Boateng

et al. 2015

Ghana Medical Journal

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SUMMARYBackground: In recent years, many localities within the Greater Accra Region (GAR) have witnessed several episodes of cholera outbreaks, with some deaths. Compared to previous epidemics, which usually followed heavy rains, recent outbreaks show no seasonality. Objectives: To investigate infective bacterial diseases in selected sub metros within the GAR. Methods: We used existing disease surveillance systems in Ghana, and investigated all reported cases of diarrhoea that met our case-definition. A three-day training workshop was done prior to the start of study, to sensitize prescribers at the Korle-Bu Polyclinic and Maamobi General hospital. A case-based investigation form was completed per patient, and two rectal swabs were taken for culture at the National Public Health and Reference Laboratory. Serotyping and antibiogram profiles of identified bacteria were determined. Potential risk factors were also assessed using a questionnaire. Results: Between January and June 2012, a total of 361 diarrhoeal cases with 5 deaths were recorded. Out of a total of 218 rectal swabs cultured, 71 (32.6%) Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa serotypes, and 1 (0.5%) Salmonella (O group B) were laboratory confirmed. No Shigella was isolated. The Vibrio cholerae isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline. Greater than 80% of patients reported having drank sachet water 24 h prior to diarrhoea onset, and many (144/361) young adults (20-29 years) reported with diarrhoea. Conclusion: Enhanced surveillance of diarrhoeal diseases (enteric pathogens) within cholera endemic regions, will serve as an early warning signal, and reduce fatalities associated with infective diarrhoea.

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“…The serotype isolated is the most common cause of cholera epidemics in Kenya and other parts of Africa [ 9 ]. Other organisms like enterotoxigenic E. coli that can cause similar outbreaks [ 4 , 10 ], these were not ruled out due to poor laboratory capacity. Although there was only one confirmed case and other organisms were not ruled out, this outbreak was likely to be due to cholera.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It kills an estimated 91,000 annually, the mortality rate varies from 0.1 per 100,000 in developed countries to 15.2 per 100,000 in Africa [ 3 ]. Kenya experienced a resurgence of cholera outbreaks in the period from 2008 to 2010 [ 4 ]. Although these outbreaks occurred in many parts of the country, the Western region was more affected [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High case fatality cholera outbreak in Western Kenya, August 2010

Onyango¹,

Karambu²,

Abade³

et al. 2013

Pan Afr Med J

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IntroductionCholera is a disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholera and has been an important public health problem since its first pandemic in 1817. Kenya has had numerous outbreaks of cholera ever since it was first detected there during 1971. In August 2010 an outbreak of cholera occurred in Kuria West District spreading to the neighboring Migori District. We conducted an investigation in order to determine the magnitude of the problem and institute control measures.MethodsIn order to update the line lists we reviewed records in Migori and Kuria district hospitals and conducted active case search in the community between 30th August and 6th September 2010. Data was analyzed using Epi-Info 3.5.2.ResultsA total of 114 cases and with 10 deaths (Case Fatality Rate = 9%) were documented. The index case was an 80 years old woman from Mabera Division who had hosted a cultural marriage ceremony a day before the outbreak. The mean age of case patients was 34.5 years (Standard Deviation=23.4) with a range 5 to 80 years. Females accounted for 61.4% of cases; people aged 10-39 years accounted 46.9%, those 40-69 years accounted for 29.2% and those above 70 years accounted for 9.7% of the cases. Sixty percent of deaths occurred among patients aged 50 years and over, case fatality rate was highest in this age group (16.7%) followed by those aged 40-49 years (12.5%), 20-29 years (10%) and 10-19 years (4.8%). The outbreak was confirmed within 2 weeks of onset after one (16.7%) of the six samples taken tested positive for V. cholera (serotype Inaba).ConclusionHigh case fatality rate and late laboratory confirmation was noted in this outbreak. There was urgent need to capacity build the districts on cholera case management, outbreak management, and equip the Migori District Hospital laboratory to allow prompt confirmation.

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Cholera-like diarrhoea due to Salmonella infection

Cited by 3 publications

References 10 publications

Exploring Droughts and Floods and Their Association with Cholera Outbreaks in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Register-Based Ecological Study from 1990 to 2010

Exploring Droughts and Floods and Their Association with Cholera Outbreaks in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Register-Based Ecological Study from 1990 to 2010

Surveillance of bacterial pathogens of diarrhoea in two selected sub metros within the Accra metropolis

High case fatality cholera outbreak in Western Kenya, August 2010

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