Cholera Toxin Notches Epithelial Junctions

Lemichez, Emmanuel; Stefani, Caroline

doi:10.1016/j.chom.2013.08.009

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The observation that PLS reduces the loss of chloride ions into the intestinal lumen indicates that it may have a direct impact on the physiopathology of the disease by interacting with either the GM1 receptor or the chloride channel. CT binds to lipid raft‐associated ganglioside GM1 receptors on enterocytes in the small intestine, is internalized by endocytosis, and traffics via the retrograde pathway through the Golgi to the endoplasmic reticulum . After CT reaches the endoplasmic reticulum, subunits A and B dissociate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulphated Polysaccharide Isolated from the Seaweed Gracilaria caudata Exerts an Antidiarrhoeal Effect in Rodents

Costa

Araújo

Sousa

et al. 2016

Basic Clin Pharma Tox

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Diarrhoea is a significant health problem for children in developing countries that causes more than 1 million deaths annually. This study aimed to evaluate the antidiarrhoeal effect of sulphated polysaccharide (PLS) from the alga Gracilaria caudata in rodents. For the evaluation, acute diarrhoea was induced in Wistar rats (150-200 g) by administration of castor oil (10 mg/kg). Then, different parameters, including enteropooling and gastrointestinal transit and its pharmacological modulation by opioid and cholinergic pathways, were assessed using activated charcoal in Swiss Mice (25-30 g). Secretory diarrhoea was examined using cholera toxin (CT) (1 mg/loop)-treated, isolated intestinal loops from Swiss mice (25-30 g), which were also used to examine fluid secretion, loss of chloride ions into the intestinal lumen and absorption. In addition, a GM1-dependent ELISA was used to evaluate the interaction between PLS, CT and the GM1 receptor. Pre-treatment with PLS (10, 30 and 90 mg/kg) reduced faecal mass, diarrhoeal faeces and enteropooling. However, 90 mg/kg more effectively reduced these symptoms; therefore, it was used as the standard dose in subsequent experiments. Gastrointestinal transit was also reduced by PLS treatment via a cholinergic mechanism. Regarding the diarrhoea caused by CT, PLS reduced all study parameters, and the ELISA showed that PLS can interact with both the GM1 receptor and CT. These results show that PLS from G. caudata effectively improved the parameters observed in acute and secretory diarrhoea, which affects millions of people, and may lead to the development of a new alternative therapy for this disease.Seaweeds (marine macroalgae) are excellent sources of pharmacologically active compounds, and the number of substances isolated from seaweed sources has been generating a great deal of interest [1]. The structures of most isolated compounds have been determined, and the therapeutic potentials of these substances are currently being examined [2,3]. Investigations into the precise phytochemical composition of different seaweeds have revealed that they are principally composed of different types of sulphated polysaccharides and other potentially useful chemical biomolecules [4].Over the past several decades, it has become clear that sulphated polysaccharides are involved in numerous cellular processes and possess a range of pharmacological activities; therefore, they have attracted the attention of numerous research groups [5]. Sulphated polysaccharides are complex macromolecular compounds found in the extracellular matrix, and these polysaccharides are known to have anticoagulant, antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities that have potential applications as nutraceuticals, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals [6].In Brazil, several species of the genus Gracilaria, including Gracilaria caudata, thrive in coastal regions. We showed that G. caudata produces an agaran consisting of alternating residues of 3-linked-b-D-galactopyranose connected to either 4-linked-3,6-anhydro-a-L-galactopyr...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulphated Polysaccharide Isolated from the Seaweed Gracilaria caudata Exerts an Antidiarrhoeal Effect in Rodents

Costa

Araújo

Sousa

et al. 2016

Basic Clin Pharma Tox

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“…At the molecular level, the virulence of V. cholerae is primarily attributed to the cholera toxin, which disrupts intestinal electrolyte balance, causing the characteristic watery diarrheal disease ( 5 ). Additionally, the bacterial motility, facilitated by a single polar flagellum, plays a critical role in its ability to colonize the human intestine and navigate through aquatic environments ( 6 ).…”

Section: Introdutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Morphological Adaptability inVibrio cholerae’s Motility and Pathogenicity

Xu,

Abe,

Kodama

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Vibrio cholerae, the etiological agent of cholera, exhibits remarkable adaptability to different environmental conditions by undergoing morphological changes that significantly contribute to its pathogenicity and impact the epidemiology of the disease globally. This study investigates the morphological adaptability of the clinically isolatedV. choleraeO1 strain, specifically focusing on the motility and pathogenicity differences between the filamentous and original comma-shaped forms within diverse viscosity conditions. Utilizing the El Tor strain ofV. choleraeO1, we induced the transformation into the filamentous form and performed a comparative analysis with the canonical comma-shaped morphology. Our approach involved assessing motility patterns, swimming speeds, rotation rates, kinematics, and reversal frequencies through dark-field microscopy and high-speed imaging techniques. The findings reveal that filamentousV. choleraecell retains enhanced motility in viscous environments. This suggests an evolutionary adaptation enabling survival across a range of habitats, notably the human gastrointestinal tract. Filamentous forms demonstrated increased reversal behavior at mucin interfaces, hinting at an advantage in penetrating the mucus layer. Rabbit intestinal loop assays further showed that both morphological forms exhibit similar fluid accumulation ratios, thus indicating comparable pathogenic potentials. These results underscore the significance ofV. cholerae's morphological flexibility in adapting to environmental viscosity changes, shedding light on the bacterium's intricate survival and infection strategies. Our study provides critical insights into the dynamics of cholera, underlining the importance of considering bacterial morphology in developing effective cholera control strategies.

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Antidiarrheal activity of a novel sulfated polysaccharide from the red seaweed Gracilaria cervicornis

Bezerra

Lima

Sousa

et al. 2018

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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Cholera Toxin Notches Epithelial Junctions

Cited by 5 publications

References 10 publications

Sulphated Polysaccharide Isolated from the Seaweed Gracilaria caudata Exerts an Antidiarrhoeal Effect in Rodents

Sulphated Polysaccharide Isolated from the Seaweed Gracilaria caudata Exerts an Antidiarrhoeal Effect in Rodents

The Role of Morphological Adaptability inVibrio cholerae’s Motility and Pathogenicity

Antidiarrheal activity of a novel sulfated polysaccharide from the red seaweed Gracilaria cervicornis

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