Cholesterol and Its Implications- A Review

Abstract

Ambiguity associated with cholesterol portrays its significance and concern. Cholesterol is a steroid biomolecule of animal cells with several important functions in living system, such as steroid hormone production, structural architecture of cell membranes, production of vitamin D, sources of bile salts and bile acids. Its sources include endogenous (de novo production by body’s tissues) and exogenous (dietary), contributing to cholesterol pool in the body. Cholesterol homeostasis is essentially regulated by the body. This review focuses on the following; basis of cholesterol, biological functions of cholesterol, structural description of cholesterol, Biosynthesis of cholesterol, cholesterol and its derivatives e.g bile acids, bile salts, steroid hormone, absorption and utilization of dietary cholesterol and current advancement in cholesterol management against risk factors. Hypercholesterolaemia is known to be an important precondition to the etiology of cardiovascular disorders which include atherosclerosis, stroke and coronary heart diseases. Interventions for the management and prevention of hypercholesterolaemia currently advocated include pharmaceuticals (drugs) and non pharmaceuticals, but more concern on non pharmacological therapeutic interventions such as the use of Medicinal Plants and herbs, Nutraceuticals, Diet and Exercises (lifestyle) and Functional and Mediterranean Foods. It is thus glaring that the disease linked implication of cholesterol can be prevented and managed using the appropriate interventions.
 
 Peer Review History: 
 Received 4 November 2020; Revised 12 Decembe; Accepted 2 January, Available online 15 January 2021
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 Received file: Comments of reviewer(s): 
 Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10
 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.0/10
 Reviewer(s) detail:
 Dr. Rawaa Souhil Al-Kayali, Aleppo University, Syria, rawah67@hotmail.com
 Dr. U. S. Mahadeva Rao, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu Malaysia, raousm@gmail.com
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