Cholesterol efflux promoting function of high-density lipoproteins in calcific aortic valve stenosis

Koçyiğit, Duygu; Zimetti, F.; Gürses, Kadri Murat; Zanotti, Ilaria; Marchi, Cinzia; Ståhlman, Marcus; Borén, Jan; Canpınar, Hande; Soyal, Mehmet F; Güç, Dicle; Hazırolan, Tuncay; Özer, Necla; Tokgözoğlu, Lâle

doi:10.1016/j.athplu.2021.08.002

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…This study adds evidence to existing knowledge suggesting sex-specific dysfunctionality of HDL in severe AS in men as compared to women [ 13 ]. This was also reported more recently in moderate-to-severe AS, though not stratified by sex [ 30 ]. Another in vitro study showed that rodent valvular interstitial cells (VICs) behaved differently in a hormone-free environment, with VICs derived from males calcifying more extensively than VICs derived from females [ 48 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

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Measures of high-density lipoprotein function in men and women with severe aortic stenosis

2022

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Background Calcification of the aortic valve is a common heart valve disorder, in some cases leading to clinically impactful severe aortic stenosis (AS). Sex-specific differences in aortic valve calcification (ACV) exist, with women having a lower burden of calcification than men as measured by computed tomography; however, the pathophysiological mechanism that leads to these differences remains unclear. Methods Using cultured human Tamm-Horsfall protein 1 (THP-1) macrophages and human aortic valve interstitial cells, the effects of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles isolated from the plasma of men and women with severe AS were studied for cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC). Results HDL-CEC was assessed in 46 patients with severe AS, n = 30 men, n = 16 women. ATP-Binding Cassette A1 (ABCA1)-mediated HDL-CEC was measured from human cultured THP-1 macrophages to plasma HDL samples. Women with severe AS had more ABCA1-mediated HDL-CEC, as compared to men (8.50 ± 3.90% cpm vs. 6.80 ± 1.50% cpm, P = 0.04). HDL pre-β1 and α-particles were higher in woman than in men by spectral density, (pre-β1 HDL, 20298.29 ± 1076.15 vs. 15,661.74 ± 789.00, P = 0.002, and α-HDL, 63006.35 ± 756.81 vs. 50,447.00 ± 546.52, P = 0.03). Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase conversion of free cholesterol into cholesteryl esters was higher in women than men (16.44 ± 9.11%/h vs. 12.00 ± 8.07%/h, P = 0.03). Conclusions Sex-specific changes in various parameters of HDL-CEC were found in patients with severe AS. Sex-based modifications in HDL functionality by HDL-CEC might account for the reduced burden of calcification in women vs. men with severe AS. Therefore, future studies should target sex-related pathways in AS to help to improve understanding and treatment of AS. Graphical abstract Sex specifc differences in AVC and differences associated with HDL function in men and women with severe AS. When compared to men, women had higher preβ-HDL and α-HDL migrating particles, higher cholesterol efflux to HDL, and higher lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) activity, possibly indicating that improved reverse cholesterol transport may be protective against worsened calcification.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…HDL-CEC assays were performed using apolipoprotein B-depleted plasma (plasma HDL, 2.8%) as previously reported [ 22 , 23 , 30 ]. HDL was purified by polyethylene glycol (PEG, MW8000, Sigma, Oakville, Canada) 20% (40:100 plasma, vol/vol) and diluted to 2.8% in minimal essential medium-HEPES (0.5 mL/well).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measures of high-density lipoprotein function in men and women with severe aortic stenosis

2022

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Atherosclerosis, calcific aortic valve disease and mitral annular calcification: same or different?

Hafiane,

Pisaturo,

Favari

et al. 2025

International Journal of Cardiology

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Aortic Valve Calcium Score: Applications in Clinical Practice and Scientific Research—A Narrative Review

Gać,

Jaworski,

Grajnert

et al. 2024

JCM

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In this narrative review, we investigate the essential role played by the computed tomography Aortic Valve Calcium Score (AVCS) in the cardiovascular diagnostic landscape, with a special focus on its implications for clinical practice and scientific research. Calcific aortic valve stenosis is the most prevalent type of aortic stenosis (AS) in industrialized countries, and due to the aging population, its prevalence is increasing. While transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) remains the gold standard, AVCS stands out as an essential complementary tool in evaluating patients with AS. The advantage of AVCS is its independence from flow; this allows for a more precise evaluation of patients with discordant findings in TTE. Further clinical applications of AVCS include in the assessment of patients before transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), as it helps in predicting outcomes and provides prognostic information post-TAVR. Additionally, we describe different AVCS thresholds regarding gender and the anatomical variations of the aortic valve. Finally, we discuss various scientific studies where AVCS was applied. As AVCS has some limitations, due to the pathophysiologies of AS extending beyond calcification and gender differences, scientists strive to validate contrast-enhanced AVCS. Furthermore, research on developing radiation-free methods of measuring calcium content is ongoing.

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Cholesterol efflux promoting function of high-density lipoproteins in calcific aortic valve stenosis

Cited by 3 publications

References 46 publications

Measures of high-density lipoprotein function in men and women with severe aortic stenosis

Measures of high-density lipoprotein function in men and women with severe aortic stenosis

Atherosclerosis, calcific aortic valve disease and mitral annular calcification: same or different?

Aortic Valve Calcium Score: Applications in Clinical Practice and Scientific Research—A Narrative Review

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