Cholesterol levels and prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in a Mexican adult population

Posadas‐Romero, Carlos; Tapia-Conyer, Roberto; Lerman-Garber, Israel; Zamora-González, José; Cardoso-Saldaña, Guillermo; Izaba, Benito Salvatierra; Sepúlveda-Amor, Jaime

doi:10.1016/0021-9150(95)05615-7

Cited by 30 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…About 33% and 49% of the patients had systolic BP/diastolic BP >144/83 control are additional CVD risk factors for patients who are already at increased risk for CVD [26]. Thus CVD, previously thought to be more prevalent in the developed countries of Europe and North America [2], may be increasing in developing countries [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. CVD risk is taking a novel dimension in developing countries to the extent that elderly healthy female African subjects have been shown to have higher prevalence rates of CVD risk factors than males [7]; in contrast to the male sex preponderance in the Caucasian population [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Africa, a continent previously known to have a low prevalence of CVD due, among other factors, to a low prevalence of diabetes and relatively low blood lipid levels, is currently experiencing a rapid decline in cardiovascular health [3]. The increasing prevalence rates of diabetes and rapid socioeconomic transformations in many developing countries have led to increased rates of heart disease in countries such as Taiwan [4], Mexico [5], and the United Arab Emirates [6]. Again, various reports have shown that the risk of CVD in developing countries tends to be higher among obese city dwellers than rural inhabitants [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differences in glycemic control and cardiovascular risk in primary care patients with type 2 diabetes in West Indies

Ezenwaka¹,

Offiah²

2001

Clinical and Experimental Medicine

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There are limited resources and facilities at primary care clinics in most developing countries. Medical professionals are often faced with the challenges of providing standard health care delivery in the absence of adequate resources. We aimed to evaluate the long-term glycemic control and risk of cardiovascular disease in multi-ethnic groups of diabetic patients attending primary care clinics in Trinidad. One hundred and ninety-one (127 females, 64 males, mean age 56.6 years) patients with type 2 diabetes (mean duration 9.2 years) attending primary care clinics in Trinidad were studied after a 12 to 14-h overnight fast. Weight, height, waist and hip circumferences, and blood pressure were measured, and a blood sample was taken for glucose, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. and creatinine determinations. About 85% of patients had glycated hemoglobin levels >7.0%, 31% had central obesity, 49% had diastolic blood pressure >83 mmHg, while 40% had a total-cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio greater than 6. In comparison with males, female patients had significantly higher levels of total-cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol independent of obesity (P<0.01) while male patients of East Indian descent had the highest risk of cardiovascular disease compared with males of any other ethnic group (P<0.01). In conclusion patients with type 2 diabetes attending primary care clinics in Trinidad had poor glycemic control. Female and male patients of Indian ethnic group were at the highest risk of cardiovascular disease. Efforts at strict glycemic control and protection against microvascular complications should be intensified at primary care levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in glycemic control and cardiovascular risk in primary care patients with type 2 diabetes in West Indies

Ezenwaka¹,

Offiah²

2001

Clinical and Experimental Medicine

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“…[36][37][38][39] Our results are in line with prior estimates from country-level surveys in Mexico and Germany. 40,41 This analysis has several limitations. To assess diagnosis and medication use we relied on self-reported responses whose validity, reliability and comparability are unknown.…”

Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High total serum cholesterol, medication coverage and therapeutic control: an analysis of national health examination survey data from eight countries

Roth¹,

Fihn²,

Mokdad³

et al. 2011

Bull World Health Org

116

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“…This pattern of relatively high blood lipid levels is likely in the other Gulf Arab countries due to similar life style. Indeed, countries outside the Gulf re gion, such as Taiwan [14] and Mexico [15], which are also enjoying a recent economic boom and rapid Westernization are likewise showing a high prevalence of hyperlipidemia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Lipid Clinic Service in Kuwait: Preliminary Observations

Akanji¹,

Al-Suleiman²,

Tahzeeb³

et al. 1996

Med Principles Pract

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Despite a dramatic increase in the prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) within the Kuwaiti population, hyperlipidemia, which is an important risk factor for CHD, is inadequately characterised. Since over half of all patients seen at Kuwait’s Mubarak Teaching Hospital had elevated plasma cholesterol and/or triglyceride levels, the hospital opened a Lipid Clinic Service (LCS). The LCS provides a specialized diagnostic and therapeutic service to patients with primary hyperlipidemia. This report presents our preliminary observations on the first 150 patients seen at this clinic during the first 6 months of operation (March–September 1995). A nationality survey of the clinic attendees revealed that 46.7% were Kuwaitis, 4.0% other Gulf Arabs, 34.0% other Arabs (predominantly Egyptians) and 15.3% South Asians (predominantly Indians). Patient referrals came to the clinic from neighboring polyclinics (38.7%), hospital outpatient clinics (25.3%), clinical biochemistry laboratory (16.7%), hospital dietetic service (5.3%) as well as other sources (14.0%). Of the 117 patients with primary hyperlipidemia, 48.7% had predominant hypercholesterolemia, 23.9% were classified as mixed hyperlipidemia, and 27.4% had predominant hypertriglyceridemia. Over 75% of the men, and 22% of the women smoked regularly. About a third of the women were postmenopausal. The pattern of observations in the 28 patients with diabetes, incidentally seen in the clinic, was similar to that in the nondiabetic subjects with primary hyperlipidemia. The constellation of biochemical risk factors for CHD (higher triglyceride and uric acid and lower high density lipoprotein levels, coupled with a tendency towards central obesity and cigarette smoking) was more common in the men than in the women. This may account for a higher risk of CHD in men. Lipid and metabolic profiles did not differ between Kuwaitis and other nationals, suggesting that similar factors underlie the disorder in all patients. These features, similarly, did not differ between the pre- and postmenopausal women. This preliminary report on the first 150 patients seen in the LCS in Kuwait demonstrates a need for this type of specialized service in the country.

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Cholesterol levels and prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in a Mexican adult population

Cited by 30 publications

References 22 publications

Differences in glycemic control and cardiovascular risk in primary care patients with type 2 diabetes in West Indies

Differences in glycemic control and cardiovascular risk in primary care patients with type 2 diabetes in West Indies

High total serum cholesterol, medication coverage and therapeutic control: an analysis of national health examination survey data from eight countries

A Lipid Clinic Service in Kuwait: Preliminary Observations

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