Cholesterol metabolism and body composition in women: the effects of moderate weight loss

Santosa, Sylvia; Demonty, Isabelle; Lichtenstein, Alice H.; Jones, Peter J.H.

doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803549

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…A similar relationship has been reported previously in trials looking at caloric restriction, weight loss and their effect on cholesterol synthesis [ 39 - 41 ], however, few studies have examined the impact of caloric restriction on cholesterol absorption. Although two studies including diabetic subjects observed a negative relationship between cholesterol absorption and caloric intake [ 42 , 43 ], a more recent trial has shown no significant effect of caloric restriction or weight loss on cholesterol absorption [ 41 ]. Percent energy from saturated fat in the subjects' diet was negatively related to cholesterol synthesis across intervention groups.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Changes in cholesterol kinetics following sugar cane policosanol supplementation: a randomized control trial

Kassis

Jones

2008

Lipids Health Dis

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Background: Sugar cane policosanols (SCP) have been shown to exert cholesterol-modulating properties in various studies conducted in Cuba by substantially reducing cholesterol synthesis. Independent research examining changes in cholesterol kinetics in response to SCP is limited to few studies, none of which was able to replicate findings of the original research. Moreover, no data are available on the effect of SCP on cholesterol absorption to date. The present study was undertaken to determine effects on cholesterol kinetics, namely synthesis and absorption, within hypercholesterolemic individuals consuming a SCP treatment. Twenty-one otherwise healthy hypercholesterolemic subjects participated in a randomized double-blind crossover study where they received 10 mg/day of policosanols or a placebo incorporated in margarine as an evening snack for a period of 28 days. The last week of the study phase, subjects were given 13 C labelled cholesterol and deuterated water for the measurement of cholesterol absorption and synthesis respectively. Blood was collected on the first two and last five days of the trial. Cholesterol absorption and synthesis were determined by measuring red cell cholesterol 13 C and deuterium enrichment, respectively.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Changes in cholesterol kinetics following sugar cane policosanol supplementation: a randomized control trial

Kassis

Jones

2008

Lipids Health Dis

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“…Nutrient analyses also showed that caloric intake was negatively related to cholesterol absorption and positively to synthesis. A similar relationship has been reported previously in studies looking at caloric restriction, weight loss and their effect on cholesterol synthesis (Di Buono et al, 1999;Raeini-Sarjaz et al, 2001;Santosa et al, 2007); however few studies have examined the impact of caloric restriction on cholesterol absorption. Although two studies including diabetic subjects observed a negative relationship between cholesterol absorption and caloric intake (Simonen et al, 2000;Simonen et al, 2002), a more recent trial has shown no significant effect of caloric restriction or weight loss on cholesterol absorption (Santosa et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Evaluation of cholesterol-lowering and antioxidant properties of sugar cane policosanols in hamsters and humans

Kassis

2008

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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Atherosclerosis prevention is now a major focus of the scientific community and the pharmaceutical industry. Sugar cane policosanols (SCP) have gained increasing popularity over the last decade as a result of numerous studies conducted in Cuba considering SCP as the natural alternative to statin drugs. However, independent research on policosanols was not able to replicate cholesterol reductions reported by Cuban laboratories. No independent study to date has examined the cholesterol-lowering effect and antioxidant capacity of original SCP in humans. In addition, since independent research was criticized because of the use of alternative policosanol formulations, the source and composition of policosanol mixtures are now at the core of the policosanol controversy.The aim of the present thesis project was first to compare the composition and cholesterol-lowering effects of different SCP preparations in hamsters, and secondly to test the cholesterol-lowering efficacy, mechanism of action and antioxidant capacity of the original Cuban SCP in hypercholesterolemic humans.Study 1: Forty-eight male hamsters were randomly assigned to 4 groups for a period of 4 weeks (i) non-cholesterol control, (ii) cholesterol control, (iii) original SCP and (iv) alternative SCP. Hamsters were sacrificed and blood was collected at the end of the feeding period for lipid measurements.Study 2: Twenty-one hypercholesterolemic volunteers consumed 10 mg/day of SCP or a placebo for a period of 28 days in a crossover trial. Plasma lipid levels and LDL oxidation were measured at the start and end of supplementation phases. Cholesterol absorption and synthesis were assessed using single isotope single tracer technique and deuterium incorporation respectively.There was no significant difference in cholesterol-lowering efficacy between hamsters in the original and alternative SCP groups relative to control. Similarly, in hypercholesterolemic humans, original SCP supplementation did not significantly improve lipid parameters and no change in cholesterol absorption or synthesis was observed relative to control. In vivo assessment of LDL oxidation showed no significant changes in oxidized LDL concentration relative to baseline and control.

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“…In contrast, it has recently been reported that a restricted weight-loss diet led to a reduction in cholesterol synthesis without changes in absorption capacity in women [35]. Moreover, variations in intakes of dietary fat or cholesterol were not accompanied by noticeable changes in cholesterol absorption markers in a short-term study in men [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Cholesterol absorption status and fasting plasma cholesterol are modulated by the microsomal triacylglycerol transfer protein −493 G/T polymorphism and the usual diet in women

et al. 2010

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An important inter-individual variability in cholesterol absorption has been reported. It could result from polymorphisms in genes coding for proteins involved in the absorption process and in interaction with dietary intakes. To assess whether the extent of cholesterol absorption or synthesis is modified in adult women according to the -493 G/T polymorphism in the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein gene (MTP) and/or the habitual diet. Cholestanol and sitosterol, as well as desmosterol and lathosterol, surrogate markers of cholesterol absorption or synthesis, respectively, were analyzed in the fasting plasma of 69 middle-aged women under a Westerntype diet (WD) and after 3 months on a low-saturated fat, low-cholesterol/Mediterranean-type diet (LFLCD). Genotypes for MTP -493G/T polymorphism were determined. Under an usual WD, subjects homozygous for the MTP -493 T allele exhibited higher (P \ 0.05) fasting serum concentrations of cholestanol (199.0 ± 30.0 vs. 133 ± 7.4 9 10 2 mmol/mol cholesterol) and lathosterol (188.7 ± 21.8 vs. 147.6 ± 9.1 9 10 2 mmol/mol cholesterol), as well as total cholesterol (7.32 ± 0.22 vs. 6.63 ± 0.12 mmol/l) compared to G carrier subjects. After 3 months on a LFLCD, level of absorption markers decreased in TT subjects with no change in synthesis ones, leading to values comparable to those measured in G carriers. The lowering of plasma total and LDL cholesterol due to dietary change was 2.4-and 2.3-fold greater in TT women than in G carriers. The polymorphism -493G/T in MTP modulates the level of cholesterol absorption but not synthesis in women under a WD, an effect abolished under a prudent LFLCD.

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Cholesterol metabolism and body composition in women: the effects of moderate weight loss

Cited by 13 publications

References 38 publications

Changes in cholesterol kinetics following sugar cane policosanol supplementation: a randomized control trial

Changes in cholesterol kinetics following sugar cane policosanol supplementation: a randomized control trial

Evaluation of cholesterol-lowering and antioxidant properties of sugar cane policosanols in hamsters and humans

Cholesterol absorption status and fasting plasma cholesterol are modulated by the microsomal triacylglycerol transfer protein −493 G/T polymorphism and the usual diet in women

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