Cholesterol Metabolism in Chronic Kidney Disease: Physiology, Pathologic Mechanisms, and Treatment

Pan, Xiaoyue

doi:10.1007/978-981-19-0394-6_9

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 228 publications

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“…Experimental and clinical studies have suggested a strong correlation between dyslipidemia and the progression of renal disease. However, the mechanism is unclear, but data suggest that oxidative stress and insulin resistance may potentiate lipid-induced renal damage [ 39 , 40 ]. Several studies reported that sevelamer treatment reduced total cholesterol and LDL but did not affect triglycerides levels [ 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Lanthanum Carbonate and Sevelamer Carbonate as Phosphate Binders in Chronic Kidney Disease—A Comparative Clinical Study

et al. 2023

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(1) Background: Hyperphosphatemia is correlated with an increased rate of mortality and morbidity due to cardiovascular diseases in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. It can be improved by restricting dietary intake of phosphate and oral phosphate binders, such as lanthanum carbonate and sevelamer carbonate. (2) Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of sevelamer carbonate in comparison to lanthanum carbonate as phosphate binders for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in CKD patients. (3) Methods: A randomized control comparative clinical study was conducted for one year on 150 CKD patients associated with hyperphosphatemia, divided into two groups, i.e., Group 1 (n = 75) treated with sevelamer carbonate 800 mg thrice daily and Group 2 (n = 75) treated with lanthanum carbonate 500 mg thrice daily. The patients were assessed at the time of enrollment in the study, after three months and after six months from baseline for different parameters, i.e., complete blood count, liver function tests, renal function tests, electrolytes, and serum phosphate level. (4) Results: 150 CKD patients aged 51–60 participated in the study. The mean age of patients was 54 ± 4.6 years, and males (55.71%) were more common than females (44.29%). Hypertension was the common comorbidity in both groups with chronic kidney disease. After six months of treatment, the mean serum phosphate level was significantly decreased from 8.31 ± 0.09 mg/dL to 5.11 ± 0.18 (38%) in Group 1 and from 8.79 ± 0.28 mg/dl to 4.02 ± 0.12 (54%; p < 0.05) in Group 2, respectively. In both groups, no significant difference was found in other parameters such as parathyroid hormone, calcium, uric acid, LFT, RFT, CBC, etc. (5) Conclusion: Lanthanum carbonate is more efficacious in lowering serum phosphate concentrations and effectively managing hyperphosphatemia as compared to sevelamer carbonate.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Lanthanum Carbonate and Sevelamer Carbonate as Phosphate Binders in Chronic Kidney Disease—A Comparative Clinical Study

et al. 2023

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“…ALB or (and) haemoglobin was negatively correlated with bacteroides, blautia and klebsiella, while was positively correlated with prevotella and megamonas.Cholesterol metabolism has been identi ed as an important way to promote the development of CKD. Its cell accumulation could lead to lipotoxicity, and ultimately caused renal dysfunction and failure [52].The main function of ALB in human body was to maintain plasma colloid osmotic pressure and transport various substances in blood, such as bilirubin, fatty acids, etc.Hypoalbuminemia was not only related to the formation of hyperlipidemia and edema in nephrosis, but also related to the pathological mechanisms of endocrine dysfunction and coagulation dysfunction. Experimental research showed that hypoalbuminemia was also one of the reasons for inducing infection and increasing the mortality of infection [53].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Profile and Function of Gut Microbiota in Chronic Kidney Disease

Chen

Wei

Shen

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Objective:The gut microbiota was considered to be an important hidden "organ" of the human body, which was of great significance in maintaining the body's physiology and pathological regulation. Previous studies had found that the gut microbiota was closely related to various diseases, but there was no unified conclusion on the distribution characteristics of the gut microbiota in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its relationship with the progression of CKD. In this study, we tried to investigate the profile and function of gut microbiota in CKD and its relationship with the progression of CKD. Methods: A total of 80 people were enrolled in this study. Twenty were healthy people, and 60 were CKD patients. The CKD patients were divided into three stages including stage 3, 4, and 5. We conducted taxonomic analyses in different groups. The distributions of phyla, classes, orders, families and genera in different groups and samples were investigated. We also evaluated the correlations between clinical parameters and gut microbiota in 60 CKD patients. Results:The gut microbiota in the healthy group and CKD group had 2351 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in total. The healthy group had 1076 OTUs, and the CKD group had 2259 OTUs. The diversity of gut microbiota in the stage 3 CKD group was smaller than that in the other groups. Bacteroides was positively correlated with serum creatinine (Scr) and serum cholesterol, while was negatively correlated with albumin (ALB), haemoglobin, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Blautia was positively correlated with Scr, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), 24-hour urine protein (24-h UTP), and serum cholesterol, while was negatively correlated with haemoglobin and eGFR。Bifidobacterium was positively correlated with eGFR, while was negatively correlated with Scr and BUN. Prevotella was negatively correlated with BUN, while was positively correlated with haemoglobin. Megamonas was negatively correlated with BUN, while was positively correlated with haemoglobin and eGFR. Subdoligranulum was negatively correlated with UA. Parabacteroides and megasphaera were positively correlated with serum cholesterol. Klebsiella was negatively correlated with haemoglobin. Conclusions:The gut microbiota might be one of the important pathological mechanisms underlying the development and progression of CKD. The changes of diversity in gut microbiota were associated with disease progression. Some kinds of gut microbiota including bacteroides, blautia, parabacteroides, megasphaera and klebsiella might be detrimental factors in CKD, while other kinds of gut microbiota including bifidobacterium, prevotella, megamonas and subdoligranulum might be beneficial factors in CKD.

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“…It is an undeniable risk factor for CVD and mortality because it accurately reflects the patient’s lipid metabolism. The kidney plays a crucial role in the synthesis, transport, efflux, and breakdown of cholesterol ( 27 ). Cholesterol metabolism disorders within the visceral layer of the renal utricle cells, endothelial cells, and renal tubular cells can result in cholesterol accumulation.…”

Section: Available Nutritional Assessment Methods For Patients With C...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of composite objective nutritional indexes in patients with chronic kidney disease

Yang,

Liu

et al. 2024

Front. Nutr.

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Malnutrition persists as one of the most severe symptoms in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) globally. It is a critical risk factor for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in patients with CKD. Readily available objective indicators are used to calculate composite objective nutritional assessment indexes, including the geriatric nutritional risk index, prognostic nutritional index, and controlling nutritional status score. These indexes offer a straightforward and effective method for evaluating nutritional status and predicting clinical outcomes in patients with CKD. This review presents supporting evidence on the significance of composite nutritional indexes.

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Cholesterol Metabolism in Chronic Kidney Disease: Physiology, Pathologic Mechanisms, and Treatment

Cited by 11 publications

References 228 publications

Efficacy of Lanthanum Carbonate and Sevelamer Carbonate as Phosphate Binders in Chronic Kidney Disease—A Comparative Clinical Study

Efficacy of Lanthanum Carbonate and Sevelamer Carbonate as Phosphate Binders in Chronic Kidney Disease—A Comparative Clinical Study

The Profile and Function of Gut Microbiota in Chronic Kidney Disease

Role of composite objective nutritional indexes in patients with chronic kidney disease

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