Cholesterol profile in women with premature menopause after risk reducing salpingo-oophorectomy

Abstract

This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the effect of premenopausal risk reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) on the cholesterol profile of women at increased ovarian cancer risk and to assess possible effects of age at and time since RRSO. We included 207 women who underwent RRSO before menopausal age (52 years) attending the family cancer clinic of an academic hospital and 828 age-matched women from a general population cohort (PREVEND). Participants filled out a questionnaire on socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle and medical history, had anthropometric measurements and provided blood samples for assessment of serum levels of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and non-HDL-cholesterol. The correlation between RRSO and cholesterol profile was assessed with logistic regression. Furthermore, subgroup analyses were performed to explore a possible effect of age at and time since RRSO. At a median time of 5.9 years (range 2.3-25.2) after surgery, RRSO was associated with low (< 60 mg/dl) HDL-cholesterol (OR 9.74, 95% CI 5.19-18.26) and high (≥ 160 mg/dl) non-HDL-cholesterol (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.21-2.82) when adjusting for body mass index, hormone therapy, participation on sports and previous chemotherapy. The observed association was not dependent on age or time since RRSO. The RRSO group had less smokers (19.3 vs. 25.8%) and more participation on sports (45.4 vs. 22.0%). Our results suggest that RRSO is associated with a more atherogenic cholesterol profile, despite a lower prevalence of smoking and higher prevalence of participation on sports as compared to controls. This observation can be useful for physicians involved in the counselling and follow-up of women having RRSO.

Long-Term Morbidity and Health After Early Menopause Due to Oophorectomy in Women at Increased Risk of Ovarian Cancer: Protocol for a Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study With Prospective Follow-Up (HARMOny Study)

“…Women with an early natural menopause (<40 years) are at higher risk of developing CVD, and they have a higher CVD mortality than age-matched peers [ 23 - 26 ]. However, it has been debated whether this association is causal, and it has been speculated that this might also be explained by early vascular aging predisposing to both POI and cardiovascular disease [ 30 , 81 ]. If this is true, an artificial early menopause might not be associated with increased CVD risk.…”

The Effect Of Wet Cupping Therapy On Reducing Cholesterol Levels In Menopause Women

“…Estrogen hormone has a protective effect on blood vessel walls and the composition of LDL and HDL cholesterol, maintaining the elasticity of blood vessels, including the blood vessels of the heart (Jati, 2022). The causes of increased cholesterol levels in menopausal women besides the decrease in estrogen hormones are overweight, lack of active movement and unhealthy habits (Teixeira et al, 2019).…”

Premature and Early Menopause in Relation to Cardiovascular Disease

“…Two small follow-up studies in women with artificial menopause after bilateral oophorectomy observed an elevation in LDL cholesterol in these women. 34,35 A follow-up study of women previously diagnosed with POI (n ¼ 80) in the second assessment at the age of more than 45 years identified an unfavorable cardiovascular risk profile, including elevated chronic inflammatory factors, more abdominal fat, and a trend toward increased hypertension, as well as impaired kidney function. 36 However, no signs of increased subclinical atherosclerosis in women with POI were found.…”