Cholesterol screening in childhood: Sixteen-year Beaver Coynty Lipid Study experience

Adolescence: A Critical Period for Long-Term Tracking of Risk for Coronary Heart Disease?

“…As for blood pressure, positive predictive values are poor for total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, varying from 0.25 to 0.50, however highly dependent of the cut-off levels chosen. This is illustrated in the American study, the Beaver County Lipid Study, which found an overall correlation of 0.44 between baseline (11-14 years old) and young adult (28 years old) levels of total cholesterol, while the predictive value of high cholesterol in adulthood (5.2 mmol/l) if increased in adolescence ( 1 4.6 mmol/l) was 0.47, with sensitivity of 0.63 and specifi city of 0.67 [48] .…”

Pediatric aspects of Familial Hypercholesterolemias: Recommendations from the National Lipid Association Expert Panel on Familial Hypercholesterolemia

“…11 In addition to the association between lipid levels during childhood and the development of cardiovascular disease, epidemiologic evidence indicates that total and LDL cholesterol concentrations during childhood are strong predictors of adult cholesterol concentrations. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] In the Bogalusa Heart Study, 50% of the children with elevated cholesterol (.75 th percentile) during childhood had hypercholesterolemia as adults. [14][15][16] This is more than twice the proportion that would be predicted to have hypercholesterolemia by chance alone.…”

Assembling Evidence to Justify Prevention of Atherosclerosis Beginning in Youth

“…Studies have already shown that health behaviors such as the acquisition of obesity, low physical fitness, and tobacco use are associated with worsening of risk. [11][12][13] What remains unknown is how to select those individuals who would most benefit from more aggressive, pharmacological intervention to lower risk. For this, clinical trials in high-risk individuals such as those with familial hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, severe hypertension, and other multiple risk states will be needed.…”