Cholesterol Trafficking in the Brain

Lütjohann, Dieter; Vanmierlo, Tim; Mulder, Monique

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-00300-4_5

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 175 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In contrast to the sturdy myelin cholesterol pool, cholesterol turnover in the neuronal membranes is high. To illustrate, pyramidal cells of the cortex and Purkinje cells of the cerebellum have a cholesterol turnover of more than 20%/day, whereas whole body cholesterol turnover is 0.7%/day [52,64,65]. The high cholesterol turnover rate in neurons facilitates their ability to adapt efficiently and quickly to dynamic structural changes during synaptic plasticity [62,66].…”

Section: Phytosterols In the Healthy Cnsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Plant sterols: Friend or foe in CNS disorders?

Vanmierlo

Bogie

Mailleux

et al. 2015

Progress in Lipid Research

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In mammals, the central nervous system (CNS) is the most cholesterol rich organ by weight. Cholesterol metabolism is tightly regulated in the CNS and all cholesterol available is synthesized in situ. Deficits in cholesterol homeostasis at the level of synthesis, transport, or catabolism result in severe disorders featured by neurological disability. Recent studies indicate that a disturbed cholesterol metabolism is involved in CNS disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In contrast to circulating cholesterol, dietary plant sterols, can cross the blood-brain barrier and accumulate in the membranes of CNS cells. Plant sterols are well-known for their ability to lower circulating cholesterol levels. The finding that they gain access to the CNS has fueled research focusing on the physiological roles of plant sterols in the healthy and diseased CNS. To date, both beneficial and detrimental effects of plant sterols on CNS disorders are defined. In this review, we discuss recent findings regarding the impact of plant sterols on homeostatic and pathogenic processes in the CNS, and elaborate on the therapeutic potential of plant sterols in CNS disorders.

show abstract

Section: Phytosterols In the Healthy Cnsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Plant sterols: Friend or foe in CNS disorders?

Vanmierlo

Bogie

Mailleux

et al. 2015

Progress in Lipid Research

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…59 The rate of cholesterol turnover (percentage of cholesterol pool) in pyramidal cells of the cortex and Purkinje cells of the cerebellum exceeds 20% per day. 68,[73][74][75] The high flux of sterols in these metabolically active cells allows fast incorporation into detergent-resistant parts of neuronal membranes, thereby actively modulating cholesterol metabolism in the CNS. 63,76 A mechanistic study from Burg et al 77 shows that cleavages of the amyloid precursor protein were beneficially modified by incorporation of plant sterols into neuronal membranes.…”

Section: Plant Sterols/stanols and The Central Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress and perspectives in plant sterol and plant stanol research

et al. 2018

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Current evidence indicates that foods with added plant sterols or stanols can lower serum levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. This review summarizes the recent findings and deliberations of 31 experts in the field who participated in a scientific meeting in Winnipeg, Canada, on the health effects of plant sterols and stanols. Participants discussed issues including, but not limited to, the health benefits of plant sterols and stanols beyond cholesterol lowering, the role of plant sterols and stanols as adjuncts to diet and drugs, and the challenges involved in measuring plant sterols and stanols in biological samples. Variations in interindividual responses to plant sterols and stanols, as well as the personalization of lipid-lowering therapies, were addressed. Finally, the clinical aspects and treatment of sitosterolemia were reviewed. Although plant sterols and stanols continue to offer an efficacious and convenient dietary approach to cholesterol management, long-term clinical trials investigating the endpoints of cardiovascular disease are still lacking.

show abstract

“…The brain is a unique organ in terms of cholesterol homeostasis, since it contains more than 25% of total body cholesterol but relies completely on its own synthesis of this lipid molecule [18]. Many neuronal diseases have been linked to disturbed cholesterol trafficking or metabolism, but the molecular mechanisms underlying neuronal cholesterol homeostasis are not known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Following Intracellular Cholesterol Transport by Linear and Non-Linear Optical Microscopy of Intrinsically Fluorescent Sterols

Wüstner

2012

CPB

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Elucidation of intracellular cholesterol transport is important for understanding the molecular basis of several metabolic and neuronal diseases, like atheroclerosis or lysosomal storage disorders. Progress in this field depends crucially on the development of new technical approaches to follow the cellular movement of this essential lipid molecule. In this article, a survey of the various methods being used for analysis of sterol trafficking is given. Various classical biochemical methods are presented and their suitability for analysis of sterol trafficking is assessed. Special emphasis is on recent developments in imaging technology to follow the intracellular fate of intrinsically fluorescent sterols as faithful cholesterol markers. In particular, UV-sensitive wide field and multiphoton microscopy of the sterol dehydroergosterol, DHE, is explained and new methods of quantitative image analysis like pixel-wise bleach rate fitting and multiphoton image correlation spectroscopy are introduced. Several applications of the new technology including observation of vectorial sterol trafficking in polarized human hepatoma cells for investigation of reverse cholesterol transport are presented.

show abstract

Cholesterol Trafficking in the Brain

Cited by 3 publications

References 175 publications

Plant sterols: Friend or foe in CNS disorders?

Plant sterols: Friend or foe in CNS disorders?

Progress and perspectives in plant sterol and plant stanol research

Following Intracellular Cholesterol Transport by Linear and Non-Linear Optical Microscopy of Intrinsically Fluorescent Sterols

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About