Choline: Exploring the Growing Science on Its Benefits for Moms and Babies

Korsmo, Hunter; Jiang, Xinyin; Caudill, Marie A.

doi:10.3390/nu11081823

Cited by 100 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 102 publications

(141 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, this raises concerns and questions about whether choline dietary guidelines require revision. Thus, in the meantime, as concluded by Korsmo et al (2019) [69], the consumption of 450-1000 mg choline/day appears to be a suitable intake level that would support fetal brain function and neurodevelopment, alongside other pregnancy outcomes. Finally, from here on, it is important to impart ongoing awareness to healthcare professionals, including midwives, obstetricians, and pediatricians about the importance of choline across the first 1000 days of life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Growing evidence indicates that choline supply may favorably influence functional processes of the placenta, including angiogenesis, inflammation, and macronutrient transport [69]. A 12-week trial which randomized 26 healthy pregnant women to take 480 mg or 930 mg/day choline for 12-weeks from 26-29 weeks gestation showed that there was statistically significant (30%) down-regulation of the antiangiogenic factor and preeclampsia risk marker fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 in the placenta tissues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There has been an emergence of interest in terms of how choline influences neurodevelopment and brain function. A large body of evidence has evolved over the last few decades from both animal studies and clinical trials [31,42,43,69]. From a health stance, in 2011, EFSA approved several claims for choline, including that choline consumption can: "contribute to normal lipid metabolism", "maintain normal liver functioning", and "contribute to normal homocysteine levels" [70].…”

Section: Choline Knowledge Gapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Choline, Neurological Development and Brain Function: A Systematic Review Focusing on the First 1000 Days

Derbyshire

Obeid

2020

Nutrients

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The foundations of neurodevelopment across an individual’s lifespan are established in the first 1000 days of life (2 years). During this period an adequate supply of nutrients are essential for proper neurodevelopment and lifelong brain function. Of these, evidence for choline has been building but has not been widely collated using systematic approaches. Therefore, a systematic review was performed to identify the animal and human studies looking at inter-relationships between choline, neurological development, and brain function during the first 1000 days of life. The database PubMed was used, and reference lists were searched. In total, 813 publications were subject to the title/abstract review, and 38 animal and 16 human studies were included after evaluation. Findings suggest that supplementing the maternal or child’s diet with choline over the first 1000 days of life could subsequently: (1) support normal brain development (animal and human evidence), (2) protect against neural and metabolic insults, particularly when the fetus is exposed to alcohol (animal and human evidence), and (3) improve neural and cognitive functioning (animal evidence). Overall, most offspring would benefit from increased choline supply during the first 1000 days of life, particularly in relation to helping facilitate normal brain development. Health policies and guidelines should consider re-evaluation to help communicate and impart potential choline benefits through diet and/or supplementation approaches across this critical life stage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Choline Knowledge Gapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Choline, Neurological Development and Brain Function: A Systematic Review Focusing on the First 1000 Days

Derbyshire

Obeid

2020

Nutrients

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“…Choline is a versatile semi-essential nutrient contained in eggs, meat, beans, and other foods. It participates in lipid metabolism, membrane structure maintenance, methyl group donation, and cellular signaling [3]. Research has shown that choline supplementation during pregnancy alters fetal epigenetic programming, improves offspring cognitive development, and modifies placental vasculature and macronutrient transport in rodents or humans [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It participates in lipid metabolism, membrane structure maintenance, methyl group donation, and cellular signaling [3]. Research has shown that choline supplementation during pregnancy alters fetal epigenetic programming, improves offspring cognitive development, and modifies placental vasculature and macronutrient transport in rodents or humans [3]. We previously reported that choline supplementation during pregnancy prevented fetal overgrowth and alleviated excess adiposity in high-fat (HF) fed mouse dams that were obese and glucose intolerant [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Choline Supplementation during High-Fat Feeding Improves Long-Term Blood Glucose Control in Male Mouse Offspring

et al. 2020

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Maternal obesity increases the risk of metabolic dysregulation in rodent offspring, especially when offspring are exposed to a high-fat (HF), obesogenic diet later in life. We previously demonstrated that maternal choline supplementation (MCS) in HF-fed mouse dams during gestation prevents fetal overgrowth and excess adiposity. In this study, we examined the long-term metabolic influence of MCS. C57BL/6J mice were fed a HF diet with or without choline supplementation prior to and during gestation. After weaning, their pups were exposed to either a HF or control diet for 6 weeks before measurements. Prenatal and post-weaning dietary treatments led to sexually dimorphic responses. In male offspring, while post-weaning HF led to impaired fasting glucose and worse glucose tolerance (p < 0.05), MCS in HF dams (HFCS) attenuated these changes. HFCS (versus maternal normal fat control) appeared to improve metabolic functioning of visceral adipose tissue during post-weaning HF feeding, preventing the elevation in leptin and increasing (p < 0.05) mRNA expression of insulin receptor substrate 1 (Irs1) that promotes peripheral insulin signaling in male offspring. In contrast, MCS had minimal effects on metabolic outcomes of female offspring. In conclusion, MCS during HF feeding in mice improves long-term blood glucose homeostasis in male offspring when they are faced with a postnatal obesogenic environment.

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Developmental and reproductive toxicity hazard characterization of 2‐amino‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanol (AMP)

Garnick,

Bates,

Massarsky

et al. 2023

J of Applied Toxicology

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Abstract2‐Amino‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanol (AMP™) is a widely used pH stabilizer in personal care products (PCPs); thus, the safety implications of dermal AMP exposure remain of interest. We have previously reported that exposure to AMP in PCPs when used as intended is not anticipated to result in an increased risk of hepatotoxicity (primarily steatosis and altered phospholipid homeostasis). The current study focuses on AMP in PCP's potential for developmental and reproductive toxicity (DART) in humans, based on data from animal studies. Animal studies suggest that exposure to AMP can result in post‐implantation loss. However, such effects occur at maternally toxic doses, posing a challenge for determining appropriate hazard classifications in the context of relevant consumer use scenarios. Our assessment concluded that human exposure to AMP in PCPs is not anticipated to result in DART at non‐maternally toxic doses. Further, mode of action (MOA) analysis elucidated the potential biological pathways underlying DART effects observed in high‐dose animal studies, such that perturbation of uterine choline synthesis was the most well‐supported MOA hypothesis. Downstream uterine effects might reflect choline‐dependent changes in epigenetic control of pathways important for implantation maintenance and uterine cell energetics. Since AMP‐induced post‐implantation loss occurs at doses higher than pathology related to liver toxicity, maintaining AMP exposures from exceeding the onset dose for maternal liver effects will also be protective of DART effects. Furthermore, dermal exposure to AMP expected from the use of PCPs is highly unlikely to result in toxicologically significant systemic AMP concentrations; thus, DART is not anticipated.

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Choline: Exploring the Growing Science on Its Benefits for Moms and Babies

Cited by 100 publications

References 102 publications

Choline, Neurological Development and Brain Function: A Systematic Review Focusing on the First 1000 Days

Choline, Neurological Development and Brain Function: A Systematic Review Focusing on the First 1000 Days

Prenatal Choline Supplementation during High-Fat Feeding Improves Long-Term Blood Glucose Control in Male Mouse Offspring

Developmental and reproductive toxicity hazard characterization of 2‐amino‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanol (AMP)

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