Choline supplements: An update

Kansakar, Urna; Trimarco, Valentina; Mone, Pasquale; Varzideh, Fahimeh; Lombardi, Angela; Santulli, Gaetano

doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1148166

Cited by 41 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 158 publications

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“…This result aligns with several preclinical studies performed in different experimental models of aging brain, demonstrating that α-GPC facilitates learning and memory, counteracting cognitive deficits ( Blusztajn et al, 2017 ; Kansakar et al, 2023 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Pharmacological enhancement of cholinergic neurotransmission alleviates neuroinflammation and improves functional outcomes in a triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

Munafò,

Cantone,

Di Benedetto

et al. 2024

Front. Pharmacol.

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Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder affecting the elderly population worldwide. Due to the multifactorial nature of the disease, involving impairment of cholinergic neurotransmission and immune system, previous attempts to find effective treatments have faced challenges.Methods: In such scenario, we attempted to investigate the effects of alpha-glyceryl-phosphoryl-choline (α-GPC), a cholinomimetic molecule, on neuroinflammation and memory outcome in the triple transgenic mouse model of AD (3xTg-AD). Mice were enrolled at 4 months of age, treated orally with α-GPC dissolved in drinking water at a concentration resulting in an average daily dose of 100 mg/kg for 8 months and sacrificed at 12 months of age. Thereafter, inflammatory markers, as well as cognitive parameters, were measured.Results: Chronic α-GPC treatment reduced accumulation of amyloid deposits and led to a substantial re-balance of the inflammatory response of resident innate immune cells, astrocytes and microglia. Specifically, fluorescent immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis showed that α-GPC contributed to reduction of cortical and hippocampal reactive astrocytes and pro-inflammatory microglia, concurrently increasing the expression of anti-inflammatory molecules. Whereas α-GPC beneficially affect the synaptic marker synaptophysin in the hippocampus. Furthermore, we observed that α-GPC was effective in restoring cognitive dysfunction, as measured by the Novel Object Recognition test, wherein 3xTg-AD mice treated with α-GPC significantly spent more time exploring the novel object compared to 3xTg-AD untreated mice.Discussion: In conclusion, chronic treatment with α-GPC exhibited a significant anti-inflammatory activity and sustained the key function of hippocampal synapses, crucial for the maintenance of a regular cognitive status. In light of our results, we suggest that α-GPC could be exploited as a promising therapeutic approach in early phases of AD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Pharmacological enhancement of cholinergic neurotransmission alleviates neuroinflammation and improves functional outcomes in a triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

Munafò,

Cantone,

Di Benedetto

et al. 2024

Front. Pharmacol.

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“…Synephrine, the most abundant alkaloid in dried citrus peels, has been shown to constrict blood vessels, increase high blood pressure, dilate the airways, improve metabolism, and increase calorie consumption ( Perova et al, 2021 ). Choline used as food supplements has been shown to represent an effective strategy for boosting memory and enhancing cognitive function ( Kansakar et al, 2023 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated HS-GC–IMS and UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS-based metabolomics revealed the characteristics and differential volatile and nonvolatile metabolites of different citrus peels

Wang,

Wang

et al. 2024

Current Research in Food Science

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“…In AD patients, the phosphorylation-dephosphorylation process of thiamine is disrupted, and the activities of phosphatases (TMPase and TDPase) are decreased ( 71 ). Recent studies have indicated that exogenous supplementation of thiamine ( 72 ), choline ( 73 ), and spermidine ( 74 – 78 ) can enhance cognitive ability and improve mitochondrial function. These findings suggest a potential link between POCD induced by AS and the homeostasis of these substances.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The involvement of the gut microbiota in postoperative cognitive dysfunction based on integrated metagenomic and metabolomics analysis

Zhang,

Jia,

et al. 2023

Microbiol Spectr

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Cognitive dysfunction is a common symptom experienced by elderly individuals after surgery, resulting in memory problems, difficulties with logical thinking, hallucinations, delusions, and an increased risk of dementia. Despite its prevalence, the underlying cause of postoperative cognitive dysfunction remains unclear. Recent research has uncovered a link between neurodegenerative diseases and the gut microbiota, indicating the need for further investigation into the role of the intestinal flora in postoperative cognitive dysfunction. To address this research gap, we conducted behavioral tests, gene and protein analyses, metagenomics, and non-targeted metabolomics to compare the gut microbiota and metabolomics of mice exposed to anesthesia/surgery that exhibited cognitive impairment with those of age-matched control mice. Our goal was to identify possible correlations between these factors. We found that mice experiencing postoperative cognitive dysfunction had a distinct microbial composition, neuroinflammation, and synaptic damage compared to the control group. Specifically, we observed significant increases in the relative abundances of Bacteroidetes unclassified , Bacteroides acidifaciens , Rikenellaceae bacterium , Muribaculaceae bacterium Isolate-104 HZI , Muribaculaceae bacterium Isolate-110 HZI , and Mucispirillum schaedleri in aged mice exposed to anesthesia and surgery, while the relative abundances of Lachnospiraceae bacterium A2 , Lachnospiraceae bacterium A4 , Lachnospiraceae bacterium , Blautia , Lachnoclostridium bacterium MD355 , Eubacterium rectale , Ruminococcus sp. 1xD21-23 , and Butyrivibrio were significantly decreased. Additionally, metabolites, such as thiamine, spermidine, and long-chain unsaturated fatty acids, were down-regulated compared to the control group. These findings suggest that the intestinal metabolic abnormalities observed in elderly mice exposed to anesthesia/surgery may be regulated by the intestinal microbiota, specifically the Lachnospiraceae , Lachnoclostridium , Butyrivibrio , and Eubacterium . Therefore, our study highlights the potential of manipulating the gut microbiota to modulate the host metabolism in order to prevent and manage postoperative cognitive dysfunction. IMPORTANCE As the population ages and medical technology advances, anesthesia procedures for elderly patients are becoming more common, leading to an increased prevalence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction. However, the etiology and correlation between the gut microbiota and cognitive dysfunction are poorly understood, and research in this area is limited. In this study, mice with postoperative cognitive dysfunction were found to have reduced levels of fatty acid production and anti-inflammatory flora in the gut, and Bacteroides was associated with increased depression, leading to cognitive dysfunction and depression. Furthermore, more specific microbial species were identified in the disease model, suggesting that modulation of host metabolism through gut microbes may be a potential avenue for preventing postoperative cognitive dysfunction.

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Choline supplements: An update

Cited by 41 publications

References 158 publications

Pharmacological enhancement of cholinergic neurotransmission alleviates neuroinflammation and improves functional outcomes in a triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

Pharmacological enhancement of cholinergic neurotransmission alleviates neuroinflammation and improves functional outcomes in a triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

Integrated HS-GC–IMS and UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS-based metabolomics revealed the characteristics and differential volatile and nonvolatile metabolites of different citrus peels

The involvement of the gut microbiota in postoperative cognitive dysfunction based on integrated metagenomic and metabolomics analysis

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