Cholinergic kindling: What has it taught us about epilepsy?

Wasterlain, Claude G.; Farber, Débora B.; Fairchild, David G.

doi:10.1007/bf01252612

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Miller et al 1994;Ferencz et al 1998) have shown that theta rhythm has seizure-resistant effects in rats. Further, Burchfiel et al (1979) showed that the kindling model of epilepsy in rats is associated with hippocampal supersensitivity to acetylcholine and Wasterlain et al (1985) showed that cholinergic agonists in the rat amygdala can induce kindling, suggesting that the protective effects are due to aspects of the theta rhythm beyond simply the release of acetylcholine in the hippocampus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An analysis of the mean theta phase of population activity in a model of hippocampal region CA1

Zilli¹,

Hasselmo

2006

Network: Computation in Neural Systems

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In a recent study, Manns et al. (2006) showed that CA1 population spiking activity differs in mean phase between conditions of exposure to stimuli of varying levels of familiarity. Here we provide an analysis of a computational model of the hippocampus from Hasselmo et al. (2002) to examine how an animal's history of exposures to stimuli affects CA1 population activity. We show how the model can reproduce the major findings from the study by Manns et al. Specifically, we show that differences in direction and magnitude of the mean phase of population activity between two stimuli in the model depend on the order of presentation of the stimuli and the duration of exposure during each presentation. The analyses also reveal that the model's learning rule results in stability and normalization of synaptic weights and show how dysfunction of neuromodulatory systems might lead to epileptic or amnestic type conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An analysis of the mean theta phase of population activity in a model of hippocampal region CA1

Zilli¹,

Hasselmo

2006

Network: Computation in Neural Systems

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“…It has long been recognized that repeated application of CCh to the amygdala in subconvulsive doses induces a kindling process that can be prevented by atropine and pirenzepine, which suggests the involvement of M1 muscarinic receptors (Wasterlain and Jonec 1983; Wasterlain et al, 1985; Lupica and Berman, 1988). Application of a muscarinic receptor antagonist likewise affected the kindling rate, but had no effect on persistent seizures after animals had been fully kindled.…”

Section: Cholinergic Dysfunction and Epileptic Activity In The Tempormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This process has been shown to be long lasting and associated with enhanced sensitivity to AChE inhibitors and muscarinic antagonists (Meshorer et al, 2002). Thus, it seems likely that muscarinic‐induced kindling is associated with such processes (Wasterlain and Jonec, 1983; Wasterlain et al, 1985).…”

Section: Cholinergic Dysfunction and Epileptic Activity In The Tempormentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholinergic Dysfunction in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

2007

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Summary:The entorhinal cortex-hippocampus complex is believed to be the site of origin of seizure activity in the majority of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Both these regions are enriched with cholinergic innervation, which plays a key role in the normal control of neuronal excitability and in higher cognitive processes. In TLE, anatomical and functional changes occur in all cellular components of the local neural circuit. Thus, while it is not surprising that cholinergic functions are altered in the epileptic temporal lobe, the exact nature and role of these changes in the pathogenesis of the disease are not known. In this report, we summarize the scientific background and experimental data supporting a "cholinergic hypothesis of TLE." We conclude that while the exact role of cholinergic dysfunction in TLE is not known, there is a firm basis for suggesting that changes in the expression of key cholinergic proteins-and the associated cholinergic dysfunction-are key factors in the basic mechanisms underlying TLE.

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“…This may be due to the cholinergic stimulation, which led to an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory pathway and increase in glutamate levels which ultimately activated N-methyl-D-aspartate. [13,24,25] The normal GABA level in rat brain homogenate was reported as 1.49 ± 0.06 µmole/g brain wet weight. [23] Brain homogenate of kindled animals showed GABA levels lower than this level, and this effect can be attributed to kindling, in which there is selective lesion of GABA synthetic pathway.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fructose-1,6-diphosphate and vitamin C combination increases seizure threshold in chemical kindling models

Samariya¹,

Shah²

2017

Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol

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Background: Fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP), through its activity in glucose metabolism, has anticonvulsant efficacy whereas vitamin C acts as neuromodulator. Aims and Objectives: To assess the antiepileptic effects of FDP, vitamin C and their combination in intravenous pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and intracranial carbachol kindling model. Materials and Methods: PTZ kindling was induced by intravenous infusion of PTZ (10 mg/ml; infusion rate: 1 ml/min) to rats. For carbachol kindling, intracranial administration of carbachol (1 µl; 5 µg/ml) was done at well-spaced intervals by introducing maximum three injections a day, and maximum nine administrations until stage 5 epileptic convulsions were produced. The treated group animals received FDP, vitamin C or both, 28 days before the kindling. During kindling, time latency to reach a seizure stage, electroencephalogram (EEG) recording, and frequency of stimulation were recorded. Brain homogenate parameters included measurement of levels of neurotransmitters, glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA). One-way ANOVA was used for determination of a significant difference between the groups. Results: Slowing of seizure progression, increase in seizure threshold and required number of stimuli to reach to stage 5 convulsion was highest with FDP and Vitamin C combination followed by FDP and Vitamin C alone treatment. EEG data during the PTZ infusion indicated ictal epileptiform in disease control group and not in treatment groups. The test drugs either alone or in combination did not alter glutamate and aspartate levels in brain but increased the γ-aminobutyric acid and GSH whereas reduced MDA levels. Conclusion: It can be concluded that both FDP and Vitamin C has beneficial effects in chemical induced kindling and their combination shows synergistic effects.

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Cholinergic kindling: What has it taught us about epilepsy?

Cited by 13 publications

References 62 publications

An analysis of the mean theta phase of population activity in a model of hippocampal region CA1

An analysis of the mean theta phase of population activity in a model of hippocampal region CA1

Cholinergic Dysfunction in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Fructose-1,6-diphosphate and vitamin C combination increases seizure threshold in chemical kindling models

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