Cholinergic Mechanisms in Central Thermoregulation in Pigeons

Abstract

1In unanaesthetized pigeons the effect on cloacal temperature was studied of acetylcholine (ACh), carbachol, atropine and (+)-tubocurarine injected into a cannulated lateral cerebral ventricle. The experiments were carried out at an ambient temperature of 19-25 C. 2 ACh or carbachol injected intraventricularly produced hyperthermia, and in larger doses hyperthermia followed by hypothermia. These were central effects because they were not obtained when these drugs were injected in the same doses intravenously. 3 Atropine injected intraventricularly produced hypothermia which was greater and longer lasting than the hypothermia produced with the same dose of atropine injected intravenously. After the intraventricular injection of atropine the hyperthermic effects of ACh and of carbachol were abolished. 4 (+)-Tubocurarine injected intraventricularly produced a long-lasting hyperthermia in doses which had no effect on temperature when injected intravenously. After the intraventricular injection of tubocurarine the hypothermic effects of ACh and of carbachol were abolished. 5 It is concluded that the effects of ACh and carbachol imitate the effects of ACh released from cholinergic neurones in the central pathway involved in temperature regulation. The hypothermic effect of atropine is attributed to unmasking the activity of continuously released ACh acting on nicotinic receptors, and the hyperthermic effect of tubocurarine to unmasking the activity of continuously released ACh acting on muscarinic receptors.

Intracerebroventricular physostigmine facilitates heat loss mechanisms in running rats

“…However, more recent studies have provided physiological and pharmacological evidence that activation of heat dissipation mechanisms is related to hypothalamic cholinergic activity. Acetylcholine and other cholinoceptor agonists such as carbachol, pilocarpine, and oxotremorine produce hypothermia when injected intracerebroventricularly into various species (7,33,34). Similarly, microinjection of acetylcholine directly into hypothalamic thermoregulatory centers causes comparable hypothermia (28,34).…”

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype expression in avian vestibular hair cells, nerve terminals and ganglion cells

“…In birds, preliminary pharmacological studies indicate that mAChRs located in the central nervous system are associated with vision, homing, navigation, metabolism and central thermoregulation (de Azevedo et al, 2002;Kohler et al, 1996;Chawla et al, 1975). However, the role of each of the mAChR subtypes has not been clearly established in either the central or peripheral nervous systems (Kohler et al, 1995;Dietl et al, 1988).…”