Cholinergic signals to and from the immune system

Rinner, I.; Felsner, P.; Falus, András; Skreiner, E.; Kukulansky, T.; Globerson, Amiela; Hirokawa, Katsuíku; Schauenstein, Konrad

doi:10.1016/0165-2478(94)00220-l

Cited by 27 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It seems that stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system results in localization of the inflammatory response, suppression of T1 helper-mediated responses (Vizi et al 1995;Friedman and Irwin 1997;Kurz et al 1997), and protection from the detrimental effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Hasko et al 1998;Elenkov et al 2000;Pavlov et al 2003). Parasympathetic innervation also influences the immune function (Rinner et al 1995;Tracey 2002;Saeed et al 2005;Zimring et al 2005). The development and differentiation of the lymphoid organs appears to depend on the presence of neural factors and especially on sympathetic innervation (Ackerman et al 1987b;Bulloch et al 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogeny of Intrinsic Innervation in the Human Thymus and Spleen

Anagnostou

Doussis-Anagnostopoulou

Tiniakos

et al. 2007

J Histochem Cytochem.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

S U M M A R YThe ontogeny of the innervation of human lymphoid organs has not been studied in detail. Our aim was to assess the nature and distribution of parenchymal nerves in human fetal thymus and spleen. We used the peroxidase immunohistochemical technique with antibodies specific to neuron-specific enolase (NSE), neurofilaments (NF), PGP9.5, S100 protein, and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and evaluated our results with image analysis. In human fetal thymus, NSE-, NF-, S100-, PGP9.5-, and TH-positive nerves were identified associated with large blood vessels from 18 gestational weeks (gw) onwards, increasing in density during development. Their branches penetrated the septal areas at 20 gw, reaching the cortex and the corticomedullary junction between 20 and 23 gw. Few nerve fibers were seen in the medulla in close association with Hassall's corpuscles. In human fetal spleen, NSE-, NF-, S100-, PGP9.5-, and TH-positive nerve fibers were localized in the connective tissue surrounding the splenic artery at 18 gw. Perivascular NSE-, NF-, S100-, PGP9.5-, and TH-positive nerve fibers were seen extending into the white pulp, mainly in association with the central artery and its branches, increasing in density during gestation. Scattered NSE-, NF-, S100-, PGP9.5-, and THpositive nerve fibers and endings were localized in the red pulp from 18 gw onward. The predominant perivascular distribution of most parenchymal nerves implies that thymic and splenic innervation may play an important functional role during intrauterine life. (J Histochem Cytochem 55:813-820, 2007)

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogeny of Intrinsic Innervation in the Human Thymus and Spleen

Anagnostou

Doussis-Anagnostopoulou

Tiniakos

et al. 2007

J Histochem Cytochem.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Clearly, there is evidence suggestive of neuronal control over ocular immune function (Walcott et al 1993), particularly the involvement of the cholinergic system in the central processing of immune responses (Rinner & Shauenstein, 1991;Rinner et al 1995). The complexity of the autonomic nervous system and immune system interactions makes it difficult to prove a direct causal-consequential relationship, particularly with an in vivo system.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has also been suggested that immune factors may modulate neuronal function, particularly at the level of synthesis and catabolism of neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine by lymphocytes (Rinner et al 1995). Distinct changes are brought about during antigenic assault in the LG, i.e.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of T‐Lymphocyte‐Dependent and ‐Independent Immunity on Cholinergic Enzyme Activity in Mouse Lacrimal Gland

Sinha

Dannelly

Ghosh

2001

Experimental Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The nature of the immune response following ocular immunization with a protein and a polysaccharide and the effects such immunization have on the activities of cholinergic enzymes in the lacrimal glands of BALB/c mice were examined. Lacrimal glands are highly innervated by sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibres and are involved in mucosal immunity and therefore are excellent sites to study neuro‐immune interactions. In this report, a T‐lymphocyte‐dependent protein antigen, keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) and a T‐lymphocyte‐independent polysaccharide antigen, dextran (DEX) were administered topically to the eyes or intraperitoneally injected. Both routes of immunization produced a strong serum antibody response when KLH was the antigen. DEX, however, evoked a serum antibody response only after intraperitoneal administration. Eosin‐haematoxylin staining indicated no histological abnormality or inflammatory changes in any immunized lacrimal glands, but immuno‐staining revealed that only in the KLH‐treated tissues were IgG‐producing plasma cells discernible. Furthermore, KLH‐specific antibody was also detectable using an immuno‐blot assay in lacrimal glands. Polymerase chain reaction analysis with cytokine‐specific primers revealed induction of interleukin‐4 (lL‐4) in KLH‐treated lacrimal glands, but not in DEX or unimmunized tissues. Thus, the nature of the antigen seems important in the induction of the immune response in lacrimal glands. To delineate the effects that immunogenic differences might have on the activities of the cholinergic enzymes, choline acetyl‐transferase (ChAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were assayed using radiolabelled substrates and measuring labelled products. Both ChAT and AChE activities were influenced following KLH immunization, while DEX had only transient effects on ChAT. This is possibly due to the fact that KLH, a protein antigen, is the effective inducer of the specific immune response in the lacrimal gland, while DEX is not.

show abstract

“…Moreover, activation of muscarinic receptors has a functional outcome, as T cell receptor signaling in the presence of muscarinic agonists results in increased calcium flux, c-fos expression, IL-2 secretion, IL-2R expression, and proliferation (Kawashima and Fujii, 2000;Kawashima and Fujii, 2003a;Nomura et al, 2003;Rinner et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of CD8+ T cell-mediated anti-viral responses in mice with targeted deletions of the M1 or M5 muscarinic cholinergic receptors

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A number of studies have demonstrated that non-neuronal acetylcholine can play a role in the regulation of T cell function. Recently, we reported that CD8 + T cells, from mice with a targeted deletion of the M 1 muscarinic receptor, had a defect in differentiating into cytolytic T lymphocytes when stimulated in vitro. In the current report, we analyze the in vivo function of CD8 + T cells from mice with targeted deletions of either M 1 or M 5 muscarinic receptors. M 1 or M 5 knockout mice were infected with either lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus or vesicular stomatitis virus. Expansion of anti-viral CD8 + T cells was monitored by staining with tetramer reagents specific for the immunodominant peptides of the viruses. No defect in expansion of CD8 + T cells was observed in either M 1 or M 5 knockout mice. The extent to which one can draw a generalized conclusion that M 1 and M 5 are not involved in anti-viral immunity depends upon issues of antigen strength, genetic background, induction of redundant receptors, and the potential for qualitative defects in the expanded CD8 + T cells.

show abstract

Cholinergic signals to and from the immune system

Cited by 27 publications

References 9 publications

Ontogeny of Intrinsic Innervation in the Human Thymus and Spleen

Ontogeny of Intrinsic Innervation in the Human Thymus and Spleen

Effects of T‐Lymphocyte‐Dependent and ‐Independent Immunity on Cholinergic Enzyme Activity in Mouse Lacrimal Gland

Analysis of CD8+ T cell-mediated anti-viral responses in mice with targeted deletions of the M1 or M5 muscarinic cholinergic receptors

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About