Chondrocyte deformation under extreme tissue strain in two regions of the rabbit knee joint

Madden, Ryan; Han, Sang Kuy; Herzog, Walter

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.09.021

Cited by 32 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Fourth, live–dead cell assays were not performed in the current study. However, previous studies have shown that chondrocytes remain viable in articular cartilage that is compressed up to 80% nominal strains . Also, only individual cells with no apparent breach of the plasma membrane were selected for image analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unfolding of membrane ruffles of in situ chondrocytes under compressive loads

Moo

2016

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Impact loading results in chondrocyte death. Previous studies implicated high tensile strain rates in chondrocyte membranes as the cause of impact-induced cell deaths. However, this hypothesis relies on the untested assumption that chondrocyte membranes unfold in vivo during physiological tissue compression, but do not unfold during impact loading. Although membrane unfolding has been observed in isolated chondrocytes during osmotically induced swelling and mechanical compression, it is not known if membrane unfolding also occurs in chondrocytes embedded in their natural extracellular matrix. This study was aimed at quantifying changes in membrane morphology of in situ superficial zone chondrocytes during slow physiological cartilage compression. Bovine cartilage-bone explants were loaded at 5 μm/s to nominal compressive strains ranging from 0% to 50%. After holding the final strains for 45 min, the loaded cartilage was chemically pre-fixed for 12 h. The cartilage layer was post-processed for visualization of cell ultrastructure using electron microscopy. The changes in membrane morphology in superficial zone cells were quantified from planar electron micrographs by measuring the roughness and the complexity of the cell surfaces. Qualitatively, the cell surface ruffles that existed before loading disappeared when cartilage was loaded. Quantitatively, the roughness and complexity of cell surfaces decreased with increasing load magnitudes, suggesting a load-dependent use of membrane reservoirs. Chondrocyte membranes unfold in a load-dependent manner when cartilage is compressed. Under physiologically meaningful loading conditions, the cells likely expand their surface through unfolding of the membrane ruffles, and therefore avoid direct stretch of the cell membrane. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:304-310, 2017.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unfolding of membrane ruffles of in situ chondrocytes under compressive loads

Moo

2016

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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“…This sample preparation could loosen the structure of the AC specimens which could affect the in situ response of chondrocytes to compression 26,27,30 . However, this is currently the only way to measure cells in a depth-dependent manner, since there are no techniques at the moment which could detect middle and deep zone cells through intact cartilage surfaces.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro glycation of articular cartilage alters the biomechanical response of chondrocytes in a depth-dependent manner

Fick

Huttu

Korhonen

2014

Osteoarthritis and Cartilage

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“…This ECM‐cell interplay is mediated, in part, by the pericellular matrix (PCM; Figure ), a 3–5 μm‐thick domain surrounding each chondrocyte (Poole, ). The PCM has a distinct molecular composition and mechanical behavior from the rest of the ECM and has been shown to sequester growth factors (Vincent, McLean, Full, Peston, & Saklatvala, ), transduce mechanoelectrochemical signals (Choi et al, ; Guilak, Ratcliffe, & Mow, ), and protect cells from overloading (Madden, Han, & Herzog, ; Nguyen et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomimetic proteoglycans diffuse throughout articular cartilage and localize within the pericellular matrix

Phillips

Haislup

Bertha

et al. 2019

J Biomedical Materials Res

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Biomimetic proteoglycan (BPG) diffusion into articular cartilage has the potential to restore the lost proteoglycan content in osteoarthritic cartilage given these molecules mimic the structure and properties of natural proteoglycans. We examined the diffusion characteristics of BPGs through cartilage with the use of a custom‐made in vitro cartilage diffusion model in both normal bovine and human osteoarthritic cartilage explants. BPGs were introduced into the cartilage through essentially one‐dimensional diffusion using osteochondral plugs. The molecular diffusion was shown to be size and concentration dependent. Diffusion profiles were found over different diffusion time intervals and the profiles were fit to a nonlinear Fickian diffusion model. Steady state 011012‐7diffusion coefficients for BPGs were found to be 4.01 and 3.53 μm2/s for 180 and 1600 kDa BPGs, respectfully, and these values are similar to other large molecule diffusion in cartilage. In both bovine and osteoarthritic human cartilage, BPGs were found localized around the chondrocytes. BPG localization was examined by labeling collagen type VI and soaking 5 μm thick sections of cartilage with BPG solutions demonstrating that the BPGs diffused into the cartilage and preferentially localized alongside collagen type VI in the pericellular matrix.

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Chondrocyte deformation under extreme tissue strain in two regions of the rabbit knee joint

Cited by 32 publications

References 54 publications

Unfolding of membrane ruffles of in situ chondrocytes under compressive loads

Unfolding of membrane ruffles of in situ chondrocytes under compressive loads

In vitro glycation of articular cartilage alters the biomechanical response of chondrocytes in a depth-dependent manner

Biomimetic proteoglycans diffuse throughout articular cartilage and localize within the pericellular matrix

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