Chondroitin sulfate changes in puppy rib cartilage during the period of calcification

Bowness, J. M.; Jacobs, Morley

doi:10.1139/o68-010

Cited by 11 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 2 publications

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“…The sum of the measured constituents in the dry fat-free solids of the epiphyses of the bones of the malnourished children was therefore lower than the corresponding value for the bones of the control children. It is possible that the difference was caused by a higher concentration of mucopolysaccharides in the less highly calcified epiphyses of the malnourished children, for Bowness & Jacobs (1968) have shown that the concentration of chondroitin sulphates in the rib falls during calcification.…”

Section: Composition Of the Non-epiphyseal Parts Of The Femurmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of protein-calorie malnutrition on the composition of the human femur

Dickerson

John

1969

Br J Nutr

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I. A femur was analysed from each of the following malnourished children: five Turkish (4-7.5 months; marasmic), eight Jamaican (9-13 months; two marasmic, one marasmic with kwashiorkor, three with kwashiorkor, two 'malnourished') and two Ugandan (I: and 12 months; marasmic and with kwashiorkor respectively). These were matched with appropriate controls. Dry weight, fat, total nitrogen, collagen N, calcium and phosphorus were determined, and values are presented for them in the bone, with and without epiphyses, and in the epiphyses and cortex.2. The femurs of the Turkish children (4-7.5 months) showed greater deficits in length, Ca and P than did those of the Jamaican and Ugandan children (9-13 months). I n both agegroups, regardless of the clinical condition, there was significantly less dry fat-free bone tissue than in control bones of similar ages. The concentration of fat in the bones was variable, but in the Turkish bones it was higher than in the controls.3. When the epiphyses were excluded, the femurs of the Jamaican and Ugandan children with kwashiorkor contained a lower concentration of total N per IOO g fat-free solids than did those of children with marasmus.4. The epiphyses of the malnourished children aged 4-7'5 months contained lower concentrations of total N, collagen N, Ca and P than those of controls. In the older age-group the only significant difference was a lower level of Ca. 5. The cortex of all the malnourished children had a similar composition to that of the controls.Marasmus and kwashiorkor are probably best considered as the extremes of a spectrum of malnutrition (Jelliffe, 1959). The relative incidence and the ages at which they occur vary in different parts of the world (McLaren, 1966; Garrow, 1966). It is known that malnutrition either in man or animals, whether due primarily to deficiency of protein or of calories, results in a decreased rate of skeletal growth and of skeletal maturation (Berridge

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Section: Composition Of the Non-epiphyseal Parts Of The Femurmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of protein-calorie malnutrition on the composition of the human femur

Dickerson

John

1969

Br J Nutr

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Hydrolytic enzyme activity during endochondral ossification of secondary cartilage

Silbermann

Frommer

1974

Am. J. Anat.

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Reactions for hydrolytic enzymes such as aminopeptidase, p-glucuronidase, N-acetyl-p-glucosaminidase, arylsulfatase and non-specific esterases indicated various degrees of activity within the chondrocytes of the young mandibular condyle. Most of the reaction products of the above enzymes appeared as discrete granules, which might indicate a lysosomal origin. The most intense activity of these enzymes was observed within chondroblasts and premineralizing hypertrophic chondrocytes. However, chondrocytes within the mineralizing zone also appeared synthetically active. The latter cells, as well as those at the adjacent ossification front, revealed some activity by a majority of the enzymes tested.This could indicate that some metabolic functions, although reduced in degree, continue in the cells of these mineralizing zones of endochondral ossification.Matrical reactions, with the exception of arylsulfatase and aminopeptidase, were essentially negative. The positive reactions for the latter enzymes might be an indication of their involvement in the process of extracellular mineralization.While hydrolytic enzymes have been studied in the cartilage of the epiphyseal plate by Kuhlman ('65), Granda and Posner ('71) and Ehrlich et al. ('73), few investigations have been conducted on secondary cartilage such as that found in the mandibular condyle (Greenspan and Blackwood, '66; Silbermann and Frommer, '73a). The possibility that hydrolytic enzymes, such as nonspecific esterases, glycosidases, aminopeptidase and arylsulfatase, are associated with the synthesis and turnover of protein-polysaccharide complexes in cartilaginous tissue increases the importance of investigating these enzymes in normal cartilage during endochondral ossification. Such a study might provide further information in regard to the participation of these enzymes in matrix formation and mineralization (Silbermann and Frommer, '73b). Therefore, studies were undertaken to determine whether these enzymes are active in the condylar cartilage and, if so, to relate them to morphological and physiological alterations that are known to occur during chondrogenesis and mineralization (Brighton et al., '73). MATERIALS AND METHODSThirty male and female CD-1 mice, six AM. J. ANAT., 140: 369-382. days of age, were anesthetized with ether and decapitated. Blocks 3-4 mm thick were prepared. After fixation in formol-calcium (Baker, '44) for 24 hours at 4"C, tissues were transferred directly into hypertonic gum-sucrose (0.88 M ) medium and were left for 24-48 hours at 4°C. Tissues were then quenched for two minutes in 2-methylbutane which was cooled to -80°C by liquid nitrogen. The blocks were sectioned in the coronal plane at 10 in a microtome-cryostate at -20°C.The histochemicd methods utilized and components of the various incubation media are listed in table 1. As controls, sections were incubated in media from which the substrate had been omitted, OK were heated to 60°C for 20 minutes prior to incubation in the reaction mixtures. The following inhibitors of a-...

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Die Calcifikation bei der Knochenbildung

1971

Arch orthop Unfall-Chir

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Chondroitin sulfate changes in puppy rib cartilage during the period of calcification

Cited by 11 publications

References 2 publications

The effect of protein-calorie malnutrition on the composition of the human femur

The effect of protein-calorie malnutrition on the composition of the human femur

Hydrolytic enzyme activity during endochondral ossification of secondary cartilage

Die Calcifikation bei der Knochenbildung

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