Chondroitin Sulfate Is a Crucial Determinant for Skeletal Muscle Development/Regeneration and Improvement of Muscular Dystrophies

Mikami, Tadahisa; Koyama, Satoshi; Yabuta, Yumi; Kitagawa, Hiroshi

doi:10.1074/jbc.m111.336925

Cited by 35 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…32,33) The levels of extracellular and/or pericellular CS chains in differentiating C2C12 myoblast culture are dramatically reduced at the stage when multinucleated myotube formation begins in earnest, and this temporal reduction in CS chain abundance seems to be cell autonomously regulated by hyaluronidase-1, one of the CS catabolic enzymes. 34) Forced downregulation of CS, but not of hyaluronan, levels enhances myogenic differentiation in vitro and during myofiber regeneration in vivo in a mouse cardiotoxin-induced injury model. 34) Notably, in dystrophin-deficient mdx mice, a model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, intramuscular injection of ChABC can ameliorate the dystrophic pathology that is characterized by widespread degeneration and recuperative regeneration of myofibers.…”

Section: Cs Has An Essential Role In Pluripotency Andmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…34) Notably, in dystrophin-deficient mdx mice, a model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, intramuscular injection of ChABC can ameliorate the dystrophic pathology that is characterized by widespread degeneration and recuperative regeneration of myofibers. 34) These findings indicate that CS abundance is a crucial determinant of skeletal muscle differentiation and regeneration and for improvement of muscular dystrophy; moreover, these findings may help elucidate the underlying mechanisms of Chn/CS-dependent embryonic cell division.…”

Section: Cs Has An Essential Role In Pluripotency Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using Sugar Remodeling to Study Chondroitin Sulfate Function

Kitagawa

2014

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Chondroitin sulfate (CS) chains constitute a class of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). CS chains are distributed on the surfaces of virtually all cells and throughout most extracellular matrices; they are covalently attached to serine residues of core proteoglycan proteins. CS proteoglycans have been implicated as regulators of a variety of biological events, including cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion, cell proliferation, morphogenesis, and neurite outgrowth. The functional diversity of CS proteoglycans is mainly attributed to the structural variability of the GAG chains, specifically the CS chains. Despite their relatively simple polysaccharide backbones, CS chains acquire remarkable structural variability via several types of enzymatic modifications, including sulfation. Moreover, the sulfation status of CS chains, chain length, number of CS chains per core protein, or combinations thereof can be finely tuned via CS biosynthetic machinery to specify the structure and function of CS proteoglycans. The term "sugar remodeling" refers to the experimental or therapeutic structural alteration of CS chains via perturbation of specific CS biosynthetic enzymes in cells or living organisms; sugar remodeling is a promising approach to the study of CS chain function. This review focuses on our recent findings regarding CS function which have resulted from studies involving sugar remodeling.

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Section: Cs Has An Essential Role In Pluripotency Andmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Cs Has An Essential Role In Pluripotency Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Sugar Remodeling to Study Chondroitin Sulfate Function

Kitagawa

2014

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…However, the involvement of hyaluronidases in CS catabolism has been estimated based on quantitative measurements of their hydrolytic activity toward CS variants in vitro [18]. Mikami et al [40] reported the involvement of HYAL1 in the degradation of CS at the stage of extensive syncytial myotube formation during muscle development. As described above, the storage of CS in HYAL1-deficient mice was demonstrated previously [34].…”

Section: Systemic Catabolism Of Csmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catabolism of chondroitin sulfate

Yamada

2015

Cellular and Molecular Biology Letters

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Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a ubiquitous component of the cell surface and extracellular matrix of animal tissues. CS chains are covalently bound to a core protein to form a proteoglycan, which is involved in various biological events including cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Their functions are executed by regulating the activity of bioactive proteins, such as growth factors, morphogens, and cytokines. This review article focuses on the catabolism of CS. This catabolism predominantly occurs in lysosomes to control the activity of CS-proteoglycans. CS chains are fragmented by endo-type glycosidase(s), and the resulting oligosaccharides are then cleaved into monosaccharide moieties from the nonreducing end by exoglycosidases and sulfatases. However, the endo-type glycosidase responsible for the systemic catabolism of CS has not yet been identified. Based on recent advances in studies on hyaluronidases, which were previously considered to be hyaluronan-degrading enzymes, it appears that they recognize CS as their original substrate rather than hyaluronan and acquired hyaluronan-hydrolyzing activity at a relatively late stage of evolution.

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“…No differences in the expression of the less well characterized hyaluronan receptor gene, hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor (Hmmr), also known as RHAMM, were observed (results not shown). Hyal1 has also recently been suggested to enhance myogenic differentiation by degrading chondroitin sulfate and allowing myoblast fusion (37); no changes in Hyal1 transcripts were observed with Has2 siRNA treatment.…”

Section: Hyaluronan Synthesis Inhibition Induces Alterations In Exprementioning

confidence: 99%

Hyaluronan Synthesis and Myogenesis

Hunt

Gorman

Kintakas

et al. 2013

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Background:The role endogenously synthesized hyaluronan plays in myogenesis is not yet known. Results: Hyaluronan synthase genes were expressed during skeletal muscle growth and regeneration; inhibiting these synthases prevents myoblast differentiation and fusion. Conclusion: Endogenous hyaluronan synthesis is required for myogenic differentiation. Significance: The necessity for hyaluronan in myogenesis has implications when considering promoting muscle growth or regeneration.

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Chondroitin Sulfate Is a Crucial Determinant for Skeletal Muscle Development/Regeneration and Improvement of Muscular Dystrophies

Cited by 35 publications

References 45 publications

Using Sugar Remodeling to Study Chondroitin Sulfate Function

Using Sugar Remodeling to Study Chondroitin Sulfate Function

Catabolism of chondroitin sulfate

Hyaluronan Synthesis and Myogenesis

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