Choosing the number of faces of a phased-array antenna for hemisphere scan coverage

Knittel, G.

doi:10.1109/tap.1965.1138580

Cited by 39 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Knittel [5] compared the total number of elements in 3-and 4-face pyramids and 5-and 6-face frusta, to achieve either equal gain or equal scan plane beamwidth at maximum scan. This comparison is extended here to consider planar and multifaceted arrays with a larger .…”

Section: E Total Number Of Antenna Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Minimizing has a defining impact on the element design, the array performance, the array layout, and the number of beam positions of the working antenna. Knittel [5] computed the face elevation of 4-and 5-face pyramidal frusta, given a full hemispherical scan requirement. Kmetzo [6] computed the face tilt (the complementary angle of ) of -array pyramids and pyramidal frusta, also assuming full coverage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geometric Design and Comparison of Multifaceted Antenna Arrays for Hemispherical Coverage

Khalifa

Vaughan²

2009

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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We address the optimization of the geometric design of two classes of multifaceted antenna arrays, namely, pyramids and pyramidal frusta. The optimization involves choosing the face elevation and the number of arrays. The optimal face elevation minimizes the maximum scan angle encountered by the arrays, given a general hemispherical coverage requirement. Firstly, an approach is presented to compute the face elevation of the pyramidal frustum, based on equalizing the maximum scan angles. It is demonstrated that the equalization-based approach is not always optimal. Secondly, a new optimal approach based on minimax optimization is presented and used for both pyramids and pyramidal frusta, along with a comparison of the two approaches. Finally, the choice of the number of arrays is addressed using different cost functions including scan angles, scan losses, antenna dimensions, geometric directivity, and total number of antenna elements. Quantitative guidelines on how to choose among planar, pyramidal, and pyramidal frustum antenna systems are outlined.Index Terms-Antenna arrays, hemispherical scan coverage, maximum scan angle, pyramid, pyramidal frustum.

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Section: E Total Number Of Antenna Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geometric Design and Comparison of Multifaceted Antenna Arrays for Hemispherical Coverage

Khalifa

Vaughan²

2009

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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“…The value of θ b is set such that the maximum scan angle is minimized. Different criteria for sectoral coverage by the pyramidal frustum were used in [7]. However, the criteria used here, which are the same as in [8], are simpler.…”

Section: Antenna Structure and Coverage Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous work in this area includes that of Knittel [7], who computed the optimal face elevation, ψ, of 4-and 5-face pyramidal frusta, with the aid of stereographic projection, but for only full hemispherical coverage. Kmetzo [8] computed the optimal face tilt (which is the complementary angle of ψ) for a pyramidal frustum supporting N arrays, also only for full hemispherical coverage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Configuration of Multi-Faceted Phased Arrays for Wide Angle Coverage

Khalifa

Vaughan

2007

2007 IEEE 65th Vehicular Technology Conference - VTC2007-Spring

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As more users share the radio spectrum, communications systems become limited by interference. The situation can be improved by using smart antennas, including beam-scanning systems, for increased gain and interference suppression. The design of beam-scanning arrays typically involves a tradeoff between the coverage (the set of directions over which beams can be directed) and the scan angle. Wide coverage, which is typical for mobile communications, requires large scan angles from single arrays and this results in scan loss and greater crosspolarization which degrade the SNIR. Large coverage angles with low scan loss can only be realized with multi-faceted or conformal arrays. The multi-faceted arrays are simpler to manufacture. For hemispherical coverage, the basic array configurations are the pyramid and the pyramidal frustum. The design for the optimal geometry (face elevation angle) of pyramidal frustum arrays is addressed using a novel minimax-based approach and the methodology for the choice of the number of faces is presented. The coverage is the partial (rotationally symmetric) hemisphere. Applications for these wide coverage array systems are widespread, ranging from fixed and mobile satellite terminals, landmobile vehicular antennas, basestations for indoor and outdoor networks, to radar surveillance and radio astronomy.Index Terms-Smart antennas, antenna arrays, beam scanning, multibeam antennas, hemispherical coverage, scan loss, pyramid, pyramidal frustum.

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“…Effects of variation of (Y on radiation patterns a/X=3.0, Bo=OO, +,,=9O0. The radiation pattern variation with beam steering, a/x = 3.0, a = 450, @o = goo.io degrees RadiationpatternsforvariationinaDirectivity as a function of a/h 1. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation characteristics of a spherical array of circularly polarized elements

Sengupta

Smith

Larson

1968

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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Absfracf-The radiation properties of a spherical phased-array antenna with circularly polarized elements are studied. Each antenna element is assumed to have a cosine @pe of field pattern. It is found that such an array is capable of providing complete hemispherical coverage without appreciable loss of gain. The radiation produced by the array stays circularly polarized in all directions, and the state of polarization is independent of beam steering. A special distribution of elements on a spherical surface is developed. This considerably suppresses the grating lobes in the pattern and thereby makes the antenna array broadband. Numerical calculations are made to determine the directivity and halfpower beamwidth for the radiation patterns produced under various situations.

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Choosing the number of faces of a phased-array antenna for hemisphere scan coverage

Cited by 39 publications

References 7 publications

Geometric Design and Comparison of Multifaceted Antenna Arrays for Hemispherical Coverage

Geometric Design and Comparison of Multifaceted Antenna Arrays for Hemispherical Coverage

Optimal Configuration of Multi-Faceted Phased Arrays for Wide Angle Coverage

Radiation characteristics of a spherical array of circularly polarized elements

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