CHOP: Maximum Coverage Optimization and Resolve Hole Healing Problem using Sleep and Wake-up Technique for WSN

Abstract

The Sensor Nodes (SN) play an important role in various hazardous applications environments such as military surveillance, forests, battlefield, etc. The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) comprised multiple numbers of sensor nodes which are used to perform sensing the physical conditions and subsequently transmitting data to the Base Station (BS). The nodes have limited batteries. The random distribution of nodes in the hazardous areas causes overlapping of nodes and coverage hole issues in the network. The Coverage Optimization and Resolve Hole Healing (CHOP) Protocol is proposed to optimize the network's overlapping and resolve the coverage hole problem. The working phases of the proposed protocol are network initialization, formation of the cluster, Selection of Cluster Head, and sleep and wake-up phase. The issues are optimized, and maximum coverage is achieved for a specific sensing range. Using statistics and probability theory, a link is established between the radius of the node and the coverage area. The protocol used the sleep and wake phase to select optimal nodes active to achieve maximum coverage. The proposed protocol outperformed and showed improvements in the network's performance and lifetime compared to LEACH, TEEN, SEP, and DEEC protocols.

The Journey in Rare Ignorant Poems

“…The psychological factors that surrounded (33) The poet began his painting with a question (do) (34), wondering, as a wish that his camels would reach his beloved homes, affiliated with the characteristics, speed, magnitude and strength (embarrassment, mission, meat, and shingev); Because ((the picture of the camel has been an equivalent to the tool of the human conflict in the face of the challenges of life, and for this it is prepared to accept the features that the poet assumes in his count for his assumption of his assumption)) (14), then he likened it to (the bull of the monster) and this analogy is a special manifestation of narration , Where the poet caused a clear shift in the narration (15), when he separated from the sole, then I move to the journey that mixed it with a story indicating the presence of other people in the context of direct existence, which began to highlight the attributes of the external bull (35). As it was not in a single color, but several colors (use) met in it, and its back was mixed with white and yellowing in the semi -lines (with a grandmother), which makes it distinct, and if the poet focused on the qualities of the external bull, then he did not neglect his internal qualities and the suffering And a strong unit and wind (wind of a fire) and a dark night (you are very black), and its resort to an ancient tree (anger); Perhaps he finds safety and the fortified headquarters, as if the poet's desire to resort to a house where the family lives in peace (36).…”

DHD-MEPO: A Novel Distributed Coverage Hole Detection and Repair Method for Three-Dimensional Hybrid Wireless Sensor Networks

“…Finally, node transmission scheduling and data transmission strategies are introduced to effectively suppress the generation of energy holes. Vipul Narayan et al [28] proposed an optimization protocol for the coverage overlap and hole problem. A novel method for determining redundant nodes is given in the initialization phase of the network and a sleep-wake method is employed to effectively extend the lifecycle of the network.…”

High-Level Semantic Feature Detector: Pedestrian Detection Based On Improved Mask R-CNN Algorithm

“…• ROI Alignment Narayan et al [35], Faster RCNN differs from Mask RCNN primarily because its ROI pooling layer, which is also included in Mask RCNN, is replaced by a ROI align layer. As opposed to performing a 2nd quantization step on the feature map, the bilinear interpolation technique used by this ROI Align layer keeps the map's spatial data intact.…”