Choroidal Thickness in Healthy Chinese Subjects

Ding, Xiaoyan; Li, Jiaqing; Zeng, Jing; Ma, Wei; Liu, Ran; Li, Tao; Yu, Shanshan; Tang, Shibo

doi:10.1167/iovs.11-8076

Cited by 258 publications

(223 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This finding may be because the photoreceptor is most active at the macular center concave, where it has no direct retinal blood supply; thus, the choroid is thickest underneath the fovea because it must provide adequate blood supply. [16][17][18] In the Chinese population, the subfoveal choroidal thickness is not correlated with age in subjects younger than 60 years, whereas the subfoveal choroidal thickness is relatively thinner and significantly negatively correlated with age in the population older than 60 years. 18 Meanwhile, the choroidal thickness was shown to increase along with the severity of the diopter, 19 and a pattern of diurnal variation exists.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…[16][17][18] In the Chinese population, the subfoveal choroidal thickness is not correlated with age in subjects younger than 60 years, whereas the subfoveal choroidal thickness is relatively thinner and significantly negatively correlated with age in the population older than 60 years. 18 Meanwhile, the choroidal thickness was shown to increase along with the severity of the diopter, 19 and a pattern of diurnal variation exists. 20 Therefore, we carried out all of the choroidal and retinal Retinal and choroidal thickness evaluation by SD-OCT C Xin et al…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Retinal and choroidal thickness evaluation by SD-OCT in adults with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAS)

Chen

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2014

Eye

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Objective To assess the macular retina and choroidal thickness change in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAS) with no significant symptoms and pathological changes in the fundus using spectral domain-optical coherence tomography. Methods This prospective, observational case-control study consisted of 53 eyes of 53 patients with OSAS and 12 eyes of 12 age-matched controls. Macular and choroidal thicknesses were measured by optical coherence tomography. Results The foveal and nasal macular thicknesses were significantly different between four groups (P ¼ 0.001, P ¼ 0.016). The foveal thickness of the control group was significantly thinner than that of the severe group (P ¼ 0.000). The nasal macular thickness of the control group was significantly thinner than that of the severe group (P ¼ 0.008). A significant correlation was found between oxygen desaturation index (ODI) and macular center thickness (r ¼ 0.357, R 2 ¼ 0.127, P ¼ 0.004), with an ODI coefficient of 0.457 (P ¼ 0.004). Similarly, a significant correlation was found between ODI and nasal macular thickness (r ¼ 0.265, R 2 ¼ 0.070, P ¼ 0.033), with an ODI coefficient of 0.233 (P ¼ 0.033). The subfoveal choroidal thickness was significantly different among the groups (F ¼ 3.657, P ¼ 0.017). The subfoveal choroidal thickness of the severe group was significantly thinner than that of the control group, mild group, and moderate group (P ¼ 0.023, 0.006, and 0.036, respectively). The choroidal thickness 1 mm nasal to the fovea was significantly different between the groups after correcting for age and diopter (F ¼ 3.411, P ¼ 0.023). The choroidal thickness 1 mm nasal to the fovea was significantly thinner in the severe group compared with the control group and mild group (P ¼ 0.013 and 0.010, respectively). Choroidal thickness was significantly correlated with diopter (r ¼ 0.520, R 2 ¼ 0.270, Po0.001), with a coefficient of 0.327 (Po0.001), and with ODI (r ¼ 0.520, R 2 ¼ 0.165, P ¼ 0.001), with a coefficient of À 0.370 (P ¼ 0.001). Conclusions OSAS patients showed decreased foveal and nasal macular thickness, similar to the subfoveal and nasal choroidal thickness. These findings suggest that, because of intermittent hypoxia, OSAS might change the retinal and choroidal blood supply.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Retinal and choroidal thickness evaluation by SD-OCT in adults with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAS)

Chen

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2014

Eye

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“…Previous studies have measured choroidal thickness in both normal subjects and those with ocular disease using EDI-OCT and SS-OCT 2,7,9,13,[20][21][22][23][24] . Retinal studies are typically performed with specific software provided by the different OCT manufacturers; however, manual segmentation is required in all cases in which choroidal thickness or volume are measured.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is crucial to study repeatability and reproducibility because of the manual segmentation and the other mentioned parameters. Comparison with previous studies is difficult because of the different line scans performed with various instruments, variability in the ages and sexes of the populations being evaluated or the different statistical methodologies used.A number of studies have characterized healthy choroidal thickness, one of the most studied parameters, as having mean subfoveal choroidal thickness values lower than 300µm 7,9,10,20,23,25 or higher that 300µm 6,8,13,24,[26][27][28] , with a range from 202.6±83.5µm 9 to 355±73µm 8 or 354±111µm …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Choroidal Thickness and Volume in Healthy Young White Adults and the Relationships between them and Axial Length, Ammetropy and Sex

Sánchez‐Cano

Orduna

Segura

et al. 2014

American Journal of Ophthalmology

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PURPOSE:To evaluate choroidal thickness in young subjects using Enhanced Depth Imaging Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (EDI SD-OCT) describing volume differences between all the defined areas of the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS). DESIGN:Prospective, clinical study. METHODS:Seventy-nine eyes of 95 healthy, young (23.8±3.2years), adult volunteers were prospectively enrolled. Manual choroidal segmentation on a 25-raster horizontal scan protocol was performed. The measurements of the nine subfields defined by the ETDRS were evaluated. RESULTS:Mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was 345.67±81.80µm and mean total choroidal volume was 8.99±1.88mm 3 . Choroidal thickness and volume were higher at the superior and temporal areas compared to inferior and nasal sectors of the same diameter respectively. Strong correlations between subfoveal choroidal thickness and axial length (AL) and myopic refractive error were obtained, r = -0.649, p<0.001 and r = 0.473, p<0.001 respectively. Emmetropic eyes tended to have thicker subfoveal choroidal thickness (381.94±79.88µm versus 307.04±64.91µm) and higher total choroidal volume than myopic eyes (9.80± 1.87mm3 versus 8.14±1.48mm3). The estimation of the variation of the subfoveal choroidal thickness with the AL was -43.84µm/mm. In the myopic group, the variation of the subfoveal choroidal thickness with the myopic refractive error was -10.45µm/D. CONCLUSIONS:This study establishes for the first time a normal database for choroidal thickness and volume in young adults. Axial length, and myopic ammetropy are highly associated with choroidal parameters in healthy subjects. EDI SD-OCT exhibited a high degree of intraobserver and interobserver repeatability. M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT INTRODUCTIONThe development of optical coherence tomography (OCT) technology has revolutionized the diagnostic, monitoring and therapeutic approaches to many retinal diseases. Spectral domain OCT (SD-OCT) offers improved axial resolution (3 µm); by providing 19,000 A-scans per second, it shortens examination times, reducing the eye exposure as well as artifacts 1 . The latest development in OCT technology, sweptsource longer-wavelength OCT (SS-OCT), has a longer-band light source than does the conventional instrumentation (1 µm band light source), providing higher penetration through the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and allowing for better visualization of the choroid; however, at the present time, SS-OCT use is limited to research.The role of the choroid in a number of diseases, including central serous chorioretinopathy, high myopia, age-related macular degeneration, choroidal melanoma, and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, emphasizes the importance of understanding choroidal structure in ocular disease [2][3][4][5] . Indocyanine green has been the best tool for studying choroidal vasculature; however, it does not provide a quantitative evaluation of the layer; other imaging methods such as echography aid in evaluating the layer, and MRI ...

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“…Histological studies have shown that choroidal thickness may decrease by 80μm by the age of 90 (19). Ding et al's study has reported that choroidal thickness gets thinner and decreases in patients older than 60 while this condition is not applicable to people younger than 60 (20). Because our study was not conducted among subjects of different age groups but among young adults only, we were unable to identify how choroidal thickness change with age.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness in Relation to Axial Length and Refractive Errors in Adults Aged 20-40

Ekmen¹

2015

J Turgut Ozal Med Cent

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Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the association between subfoveal choroidal thickness, ocular axial length, and refractive errors in healthy adults. Materials and Methods: A hundred eyes of 50 patients were included in this study. A full ophtalmic examination including best corrected visual acuity, refractive levels, and interferometric ocular axial length was applied to all the patients. The submacular choroidal was imaged using enhanced depth imaging spectral domain optical cohorence tomography. Subfoveal choroidal thickness was measured by two diifferent experts using visual inspection and manual fitting of the choroidal borderlines. Results: Of the 50 subjects, 24 were males and 26 were females. The results of the applied measurements were as follows: mean age: 28,9(±6,8); visual acuity: 0,95±0,16; mean subfoveal choroidal thickness: 302,64μm(±52,07); mean axial lentgh: 23,59mm(±0,94); mean intraoculer pressure 14,5±2,3; and mean spheric equivalent -0,47(±0,97). No significant difference between males and females was observed in terms of mean subfoveal choridal thickness. Multivariable linear regression suggested that age was not associated with subfoveal choroidal thickness (r=-0,247; p=0,106). There was no correlation between axial length and subfoveal choroidal thickness either (r=-0,128; p=0,234). There was, however, a positive correlation between spheric equivalents and subfoveal choroidal thickness (r=0,227; p=0,033). Conclusion: In this study, we found that subfoveal choroidal thickness was significantly associated with spheric equivalent while there was no association between axial length and subfoveal choroidal thickness. We also observed that there was no difference between males and females with regards to subfoveal choroidal thickness.

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Choroidal Thickness in Healthy Chinese Subjects

Abstract: Age is critical for evaluation of choroidal thickness. However, SFCT has no correlation with age in subjects younger than 60 years of age. In subjects older than 60 years of age, SFCT was significantly negatively correlated with age, and decreased by 5.40 μm for each year of life.

Cited by 258 publications

References 15 publications

Retinal and choroidal thickness evaluation by SD-OCT in adults with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAS)

Retinal and choroidal thickness evaluation by SD-OCT in adults with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAS)

Choroidal Thickness and Volume in Healthy Young White Adults and the Relationships between them and Axial Length, Ammetropy and Sex

Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness in Relation to Axial Length and Refractive Errors in Adults Aged 20-40

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