Choroidal Thickness in Women with Uncomplicated Pregnancy: Literature Review

Roskal-Wałek, Joanna; Laudańska-Olszewska, Iwona; Biskup, Michał; Gierada, Magdalena; Odrobina, Dominik

doi:10.1155/2017/5694235

Cited by 17 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…There are more than a dozen studies on choroidal thickness changes in pregnancy using enhanced depth imaging OCT, which have provided inconsistent results. [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] Some studies have found thickening of the choroid in specific subfields during the second and third trimester of pregnancy, whereas other studies have observed no difference in choroidal thickness during pregnancy. The discrepancy in these studies could be due to variation in inclusion criteria, confounding factors (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal Vascular Changes During Pregnancy Detected With Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Chanwimol

Balasubramanian

Nassisi

et al. 2019

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE. To evaluate retinal vascular status during pregnancy by using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). METHODS. Women in their third trimester of pregnancy and nonpregnant age-matched women were recruited for this prospective, case-control study. Subjects were imaged with OCTA. Main outcome measures were foveal avascular zone parameters, perfusion density (PD) percentage in the superficial retinal capillary plexus (SCP), PD percentage in the deep retinal capillary plexus (DCP), SCP vessel length density (VLD), DCP-VLD, and choriocapillaris (CC) flow voids (i.e., flow deficits in the CC). RESULTS. Nineteen eyes of 10 pregnant subjects and 44 eyes of 27 nonpregnant control women were included. Mean ages were 36 6 7 and 35 6 8 years (SD), respectively (P value ¼ 0.78). Mean gestational age of pregnant women was 33 weeks (range ¼ 29-39, SD ¼ 3). There was a significant reduction in the SCP-PD in the entire scan and in the nasal Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study subfield (47.9 vs. 49.7, P ¼ 0.04 and 49.3 vs. 51.6, P ¼ 0.03, respectively) in the pregnant cohort versus controls. There was a significant increase in the DCP-PD in the parafoveal region and in the temporal and inferior Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study subfields (58.0 vs. 55.9, P ¼ 0.03; 57.9 vs. 55.5, P ¼ 0.02; 58.0 vs. 55.9, P ¼ 0.05, respectively) in the pregnant cohort. There was no significant difference in foveal avascular zone parameters, SCP-VLD, DCP-VLD, or CC flow voids between the two populations. CONCLUSIONS. This study detected retinal vasculature changes in the third trimester of pregnancy. Mean SCP-PD was significantly decreased and mean DCP-PD was significantly increased without a difference in VLD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal Vascular Changes During Pregnancy Detected With Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Chanwimol

Balasubramanian

Nassisi

et al. 2019

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…These 27 records were screened for more detailed evaluation. A total of 13 articles were excluded after the abstract and full-text review: 10 studies were irrelevant, 1 study had no control group [18], and 2 studies were only reviews [19, 20]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Choroidal Thickness in Preeclamptic, Healthy Pregnant, and Nonpregnant Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Jiang

Yang

et al. 2019

Ophthalmic Res

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Purpose: To compare the choroidal thickness (CT) measured by enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) in preeclamptic, healthy pregnant, and healthy nonpregnant women. Methods: Studies that focused on the CT evaluation of pregnant women were retrieved by searching PubMed, Embase, Ovid, Cochrane, and Web of Science. We used Stata 14.0 SE for the meta-analysis and presented the results as the weighted mean difference (WMD) with a corresponding 95% CI. Results: A total of 14 studies with 1,227 participants were included in our meta-analysis. The CT of the healthy pregnancies (μm, WMD = 34.19, 95% CI: 20.63–47.76) was significantly higher than that of the nonpregnancies (Test of WMD = 0: z = 4.94, p = 0.000), but the CT of the preeclampsia (μm, WMD = 54.30, 95% CI: –13.40 to 122.01) was not significantly different from the nonpregnancies (Test of WMD = 0: z = 1.57, p = 0.116). In the preeclampsia versus healthy pregnancy group, 3 studies found that the choroid was thinner with preeclampsia, only one study found the CT increased. Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggested that the CT of the healthy pregnant women was significantly higher than that of the nonpregnant women. The presence of preeclampsia might complicate this situation. Most studies found that the CT decreased in the preeclamptic patients because of the increases in the systemic vasospasm and the blood pressure, which led to no significant difference compared with the nonpregnant women.

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“…[ 22 ] Choroidal thickness has been reported to increase in pregnancy, with the maximum increase occurring in the second trimester. [ 23 24 25 26 ] Blood pressure decreases during pregnancy and then increases sometimes to supra-normal levels in third trimester. Blood volume increases during pregnancy, with the peak occurring in the second trimester.…”

Section: Physiological Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motherhood: What every ophthalmologist needs to know

Morya

Gogia

Gupta

et al. 2020

Indian J Ophthalmol

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The aim of this review article is to summarize the available literature on physiologic and pathologic ocular changes during pregnancy and the effect of diseases in pregnancy. A literature search was conducted using PUBMED, MEDLINE, and Cochrane library in English. In addition, the cited references in the published articles were manually reviewed for the relevant results. Pregnancy encompasses a multitude of changes in all body systems, including the visual system of the female. The changes can be physiological, i.e., changes occurring in the lids and adnexa, cornea, conjunctiva, changes in tear film composition and intraocular pressure, retina, choroid, and visual field. Pathological changes in a pregnant woman's eye include changes related to preeclampsia and eclampsia, central serous chorioretinopathy, retinal artery or vein occlusions, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Preexisting diseases like diabetic retinopathy, Graves' disease, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, various inflammatory conditions can undergo changes in their course during pregnancy. Ophthalmic medications can have an effect on both mother and the baby and hence should be used cautiously. In addition, intrauterine infections play a major role in causing inflammation in the eye of the baby. Hence, vaccination of the mother prior to pregnancy plays an important role in preventing intrauterine infections in the neonate. A regular eye examination in the perinatal period plays a vital role in recognizing ophthalmic pathologies which might require a prompt medical intervention. Pathological ocular diseases should be discriminated from physiologic changes to establish an individualized treatment or preventive plan. This approach to ocular benefits of treatment to the mother should always weigh against the potential harm to the fetus.

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Choroidal Thickness in Women with Uncomplicated Pregnancy: Literature Review

Cited by 17 publications

References 43 publications

Retinal Vascular Changes During Pregnancy Detected With Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Retinal Vascular Changes During Pregnancy Detected With Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Comparison of Choroidal Thickness in Preeclamptic, Healthy Pregnant, and Nonpregnant Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Motherhood: What every ophthalmologist needs to know

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