“…We have developed human intestinal in vitro (primary and conditionally immortalized human fetal cell lines, organ cultures, and the micro-Ussing chamber technique) and in vivo (xenograft transplantation of fetal human intestine) (Table 1) models to study mucosal barrier function in the context of neonatal gastrointestinal diseases (20,21). For bacteria to colonize the gut, they must bind to glycoconjugates on microvillus-membrane glycolipids and proteins.…”