Chromatin dynamics during spermiogenesis

Rathke, Christina; Baarends, Willy M.; Awe, Stephan; Renkawitz‐Pohl, Renate

doi:10.1016/j.bbagrm.2013.08.004

Cited by 449 publications

(513 citation statements)

References 232 publications

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“…This finding remains contentious -they themselves found that, despite the reduced chromatin partitioning of MDC1 upon NCL depletion, immunofluorescent localization of MDC1 to DSB foci was unaffected, while Goldstein and colleagues' ChIP-based assay found no reduction in the recruitment of MDC1 to a defined DSB site in the absence of NCL (Goldstein et al 2013). It is known, however, that RNF8/RNF168-dependent H2A/H2B ubiquitination is an important activating step in histone eviction both following DNA damage and during spermiogenesis, in which histone octamers are globally evicted from DNA and replaced by protamines to facilitate greater DNA compaction; such observations suggest that regulation of MDC1 and its partners by NCL could conceivably play a role in NCL's histone-chaperone activity at DSBs (Ikura et al 2007, Lu et al 2010, Rathke et al 2014. Collectively, these data argue for a model in which NCL recruitment to DSBs via the MRN complex facilitates the proximal nucleosome destabilization by chromatin remodeling complexes, possibly through the actions of MDC1 and its targets RNF8/RNF168, and ultimately facilitates NHEJ-and HR-mediated DSB resolution (Goldstein et al 2013).…”

Section: Npm1 and Ncl In Histone Remodeling And Double Strand Break Rmentioning

confidence: 85%

Nucleolin and nucleophosmin: nucleolar proteins with multiple functions in DNA repair

Scott

Oeffinger

2016

Biochem. Cell Biol.

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The nucleolus represents a highly multifunctional intranuclear organelle in which, in addition to the canonical ribosome assembly, numerous processes such as transcription, DNA repair and replication, the cell cycle and apoptosis are coordinated. The nucleolus is further a key hub in the sensing of cellular stress and undergoes major structural and compositional changes in response to cellular perturbations.Numerous nucleolar proteins have been identified that, upon nucleolar stress sensing, deploy additional, non-ribosomal roles in the regulation of varied cell processes including cell cycle arrest, arrest of DNA replication, induction of DNA repair, and apoptosis, among others. The highly abundant proteins nucleophosmin (NPM1) and nucleolin (NCL) are two such factors that transit to the nucleoplasm in response to stress, and participate directly in the repair of numerous different DNA damages. This review discusses the contributions made by NCL and/or NPM1 to the different DNA repair pathways employed by mammalian cells to repair DNA insults, and examines the implications of such activities for the regulation, pathogenesis and therapeutic targeting of NPM1 and NCL.

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Section: Npm1 and Ncl In Histone Remodeling And Double Strand Break Rmentioning

confidence: 85%

Nucleolin and nucleophosmin: nucleolar proteins with multiple functions in DNA repair

Scott

Oeffinger

2016

Biochem. Cell Biol.

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“…We isolated dlp 45 , an allele carrying a 5-bp insertion (TCGTA), as evidenced by PCR analyses, causing a frameshift in the open reading frame (ORF) and introducing a new stop codon. dlp 45 is predicted to encode a truncated protein of 869 amino acids, lacking the C-terminal DHR. However, the homozygous dlp 45 allele is both viable and fertile.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Drosophila DAXX-Like Protein (DLP) Cooperates with ASF1 for H3.3 Deposition and Heterochromatin Formation

Fromental-Ramain

Ramain

Hamiche

2017

Molecular and Cellular Biology

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Histone variants are nonallelic isoforms of canonical histones, and they are deposited, in contrast to canonical histones, in a replication-independent (RI) manner. RI deposition of H3.3, a histone variant from the H3.3 family, is mediated in mammals by distinct pathways involving either the histone regulator A (HIRA) complex or the death-associated protein (DAXX)/␣-thalassemia X-linked mental retardation protein (ATRX) complex. Here, we investigated the function of the Drosophila DAXX-like protein (DLP) by using both fly genetic approaches and protein biochemistry. DLP specifically interacts with H3.3 and shows a prominent localization on the base of the X chromosome, where it appears to act in concert with XNP, the Drosophila homolog of ATRX, in heterochromatin assembly and maintenance. The functional association between DLP and XNP is further supported by a series of experiments that illustrate genetic interactions and the DLP-XNP-dependent localization of specific chromosomal proteins. In addition, DLP both participates in the RI deposition of H3.3 and associates with anti-silencing factor 1 (ASF1). We suggest, in agreement with a recently proposed model, that DLP and ASF1 are part of a predeposition complex, which is recruited by XNP and is necessary to prevent DNA exposure in the nucleus.KEYWORDS DLP, heterochromatin, histone variant, H3.3, XNP, ASF1 I n the nucleus, DNA is packaged under the form of chromatin. The basic repeating unit of chromatin is the nucleosome, and the nucleosome core particle consists of approximately 146 bp of DNA wrapped around a histone octamer composed of two copies of each of the histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4. (1, 2). Gene-rich domains are packaged into euchromatin, which is decondensed in interphase nuclei and is enriched for histone modifications characteristic of transcriptionally active regions. Moreover, euchromatin often exhibits high DNA accessibility. In contrast, gene-poor domains and repetitive sequences are packaged into condensed heterochromatin that carries histone modifications associated with transcriptional repression.In addition to the canonical core histones, cells express nonallelic-isoform histone variants (3). Histone variants have emerged as essential contributors to the regulation of chromatin structure, and they are involved in multiple processes, including chromatin stability, DNA repair, and transcriptional regulation. Canonical histones are almost exclusively expressed during the S phase of the cell cycle and are incorporated into chromatin in a DNA replication-dependent fashion, whereas replication-independent (RI) histone variants are expressed throughout the cell cycle.One of the best-studied histone variants is H3.3, which can replace the major species H3 (4). H3.3 is expressed and incorporated at all phases of the cell cycle (5). The available data suggest that H3.3 is a marker of active chromatin and associated with the

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“…Male germ cells undergo stem cell self-renewal, mitotic divisions in spermatogonial proliferation, genomic rearrangement by meiotic homologous recombination at the spermatocyte stage, and morphological changes of round spermatids into elongated spermatids to form mature spermatozoa (1)(2)(3). During spermiogenesis, nucleosomal histone proteins are replaced with transition nuclear proteins (TNPs) and subsequently, protamines, the major nucleosomal proteins in spermatozoa.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During spermiogenesis, nucleosomal histone proteins are replaced with transition nuclear proteins (TNPs) and subsequently, protamines, the major nucleosomal proteins in spermatozoa. Moreover, epigenetic modifications, such as histone methylation, dramatically change throughout spermatogenesis (3,4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

MRG15 is required for pre-mRNA splicing and spermatogenesis

Iwamori

Tominaga

Sato

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Splicing can be epigenetically regulated and involved in cellular differentiation in somatic cells, but the interplay of epigenetic factors and the splicing machinery during spermatogenesis remains unclear. To study these interactions in vivo, we generated a germline deletion of MORF-related gene on chromosome 15 (MRG15), a multifunctional chromatin organizer that binds to methylated histone H3 lysine 36 (H3K36) in introns of transcriptionally active genes and has been implicated in regulation of histone acetylation, homology-directed DNA repair, and alternative splicing in somatic cells. Conditional KO (cKO) males lacking MRG15 in the germline are sterile secondary to spermatogenic arrest at the round spermatid stage. There were no significant alterations in meiotic division and histone acetylation. Specific mRNA sequences disappeared from 66 germ cell-expressed genes in the absence of MRG15, and specific intronic sequences were retained in mRNAs of 4 genes in the MRG15 cKO testes. In particular, introns were retained in mRNAs encoding the transition proteins that replace histones during sperm chromatin condensation. In round spermatids, MRG15 colocalizes with splicing factors PTBP1 and PTBP2 at H3K36me3 sites between the exons and single intron of transition nuclear protein 2 (Tnp2). Thus, our results reveal that MRG15 is essential for premRNA splicing during spermatogenesis and that epigenetic regulation of pre-mRNA splicing by histone modification could be useful to understand not only spermatogenesis but also, epigenetic disorders underlying male infertile patients.infertility | fertility defects | splicing defects | epigenetics | spermiogenesis S permatogenesis is a complex process involving several biological events and dramatic changes of chromatin structure. Male germ cells undergo stem cell self-renewal, mitotic divisions in spermatogonial proliferation, genomic rearrangement by meiotic homologous recombination at the spermatocyte stage, and morphological changes of round spermatids into elongated spermatids to form mature spermatozoa (1-3). During spermiogenesis, nucleosomal histone proteins are replaced with transition nuclear proteins (TNPs) and subsequently, protamines, the major nucleosomal proteins in spermatozoa. Moreover, epigenetic modifications, such as histone methylation, dramatically change throughout spermatogenesis (3, 4).Pre-mRNA splicing generates protein diversity and is involved in the regulation of cellular differentiation (5, 6). Recent advances have shown that histone modifications regulate alternative splicing through recruitment of splicing regulators via chromatin binding proteins, such as MORF-related gene on chromosome 15 (MRG15) (7). Histone H3 lysine 36 (H3K36) is methylated proximal to tissuespecific splicing regions (8-12). MRG15 specifically recognizes the methylated H3K36 and recruits polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB) at intronic splicing silencer elements near an exon to suppress exon insertions into mRNA (7). MRG15 is also a component of histone acetyltransfe...

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Chromatin dynamics during spermiogenesis

Cited by 449 publications

References 232 publications

Nucleolin and nucleophosmin: nucleolar proteins with multiple functions in DNA repair

Nucleolin and nucleophosmin: nucleolar proteins with multiple functions in DNA repair

The Drosophila DAXX-Like Protein (DLP) Cooperates with ASF1 for H3.3 Deposition and Heterochromatin Formation

MRG15 is required for pre-mRNA splicing and spermatogenesis

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