Chromatin Remodeling Complexes

Clapier, Cedric R.; Cairns, Bradley R.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-8624-4_3

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 400 publications

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“…In keeping, ARP modules can bind nucleosomes (Galarneau et al, 2000; Wu et al, 2009), and RSC bears multiple domains that bind histone modifications (Clapier and Cairns, 2014). Finally, we compared RSC/Sth1 to the ISWI remodeler, which slides nucleosomes but lacks ARPs or a Post-HSA domain, and the capacity for ejection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SWI/SNF-family chromatin remodeling complexes provide DNA-binding proteins access to their sites in chromatin by mobilizing or removing histone octamers, termed nucleosome sliding or ejection, respectively (Clapier and Cairns, 2014). RSC is an essential and abundant SWI/SNF-family chromatin remodeling complex from S. cerevisiae (Cairns et al, 1996) that slides and ejects nucleosomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regulation of DNA Translocation Efficiency within the Chromatin Remodeler RSC/Sth1 Potentiates Nucleosome Sliding and Ejection

et al. 2016

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SUMMARY The RSC chromatin remodeler slides and ejects nucleosomes, utilizing a catalytic subunit (Sth1) with DNA translocation activity, which can pump DNA around the nucleosome. A central question is whether and how DNA translocation is regulated to achieve sliding versus ejection. Here, we report the regulation of DNA translocation efficiency by two domains residing on Sth1 (Post-HSA and Protrusion 1), and by actin-related proteins (ARPs) which bind Sth1. ARPs facilitated sliding and ejection by improving ‘coupling’ – the amount of DNA translocation by Sth1 relative to ATP hydrolysis. We also identified and characterized Protrusion 1 mutations that promote ‘coupling’, and Post-HSA mutations that improve ATP hydrolysis; notably, the strongest mutations conferred efficient nucleosome ejection without ARPs. Taken together, sliding-to-ejection involves a continuum of DNA translocation efficiency, consistent with higher magnitudes of ATPase and coupling activities (involving ARPs and Sth1 domains), enabling the simultaneous rupture of multiple histone-DNA contacts facilitating ejection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of DNA Translocation Efficiency within the Chromatin Remodeler RSC/Sth1 Potentiates Nucleosome Sliding and Ejection

et al. 2016

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“…They make the DNA within the nucleosomes more accessible to other DNA-associated molecules—exposing sites for other proteins (e.g., transcription, repair, or recombination factors) to bind and affect gene expression. They can do so by sliding nucleosomes, evicting nucleosome components (like histone dimers) or completely ejecting full nucleosomes (Figure 2B ; Clapier and Cairns, 2014 ).…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Action Of Chromatin Remodeling Complexesmentioning

confidence: 99%

ATP-Dependent Chromatin Remodeling During Cortical Neurogenesis

Sokpor¹,

Castro-Hernández²,

Rosenbusch³

et al. 2018

Front. Neurosci.

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The generation of individual neurons (neurogenesis) during cortical development occurs in discrete steps that are subtly regulated and orchestrated to ensure normal histogenesis and function of the cortex. Notably, various gene expression programs are known to critically drive many facets of neurogenesis with a high level of specificity during brain development. Typically, precise regulation of gene expression patterns ensures that key events like proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitors, specification of neuronal subtypes, as well as migration and maturation of neurons in the developing cortex occur properly. ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes regulate gene expression through utilization of energy from ATP hydrolysis to reorganize chromatin structure. These chromatin remodeling complexes are characteristically multimeric, with some capable of adopting functionally distinct conformations via subunit reconstitution to perform specific roles in major aspects of cortical neurogenesis. In this review, we highlight the functions of such chromatin remodelers during cortical development. We also bring together various proposed mechanisms by which ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers function individually or in concert, to specifically modulate vital steps in cortical neurogenesis.

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“…The SWI/SNF ( swi tch/ s ucrose nonf ermentable) complexes are large, multiprotein, ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling enzymes (4–6) that alter nucleosome structure to promote transcription, replication, recombination, and repair (7–10). The chromatin remodeling activity of the mammalian SWI/SNF enzyme is required for the initiation of many developmental and differentiation programs (11–14), including activation of myogenic genes upon differentiation signaling (15, 16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcineurin Broadly Regulates the Initiation of Skeletal Muscle-Specific Gene Expression by Binding Target Promoters and Facilitating the Interaction of the SWI/SNF Chromatin Remodeling Enzyme

Witwicka

Nogami

Syed

et al. 2019

Molecular and Cellular Biology

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Calcineurin (Cn) is a calcium-activated serine/threonine protein phosphatase that is broadly implicated in diverse cellular processes, including the regulation of gene expression. During skeletal muscle differentiation, Cn activates the nuclear factor of activated T-cell (NFAT) transcription factor but also promotes differentiation by counteracting the negative influences of protein kinase C beta (PKCβ) via dephosphorylation and activation of Brg1, an enzymatic subunit of the mammalian SWI/SNF ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling enzyme. Here we identified four major temporal patterns of Cn-dependent gene expression in differentiating myoblasts and determined that Cn is broadly required for the activation of the myogenic gene expression program. Mechanistically, Cn promotes gene expression through direct binding to myogenic promoter sequences and facilitating the binding of Brg1, other SWI/SNF subunit proteins, and MyoD, a critical lineage determinant for skeletal muscle differentiation. We conclude that the Cn phosphatase directly impacts the expression of myogenic genes by promoting ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling and formation of transcription-competent promoters.

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Chromatin Remodeling Complexes

Cited by 11 publications

References 400 publications

Regulation of DNA Translocation Efficiency within the Chromatin Remodeler RSC/Sth1 Potentiates Nucleosome Sliding and Ejection

Regulation of DNA Translocation Efficiency within the Chromatin Remodeler RSC/Sth1 Potentiates Nucleosome Sliding and Ejection

ATP-Dependent Chromatin Remodeling During Cortical Neurogenesis

Calcineurin Broadly Regulates the Initiation of Skeletal Muscle-Specific Gene Expression by Binding Target Promoters and Facilitating the Interaction of the SWI/SNF Chromatin Remodeling Enzyme

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